Deep Set Prediction Networks
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Abstract (arXiv)
Current approaches for predicting sets from feature vectors ignore the unordered nature of sets and suffer from discontinuity issues as a result. We propose a general model for predicting sets that properly respects the structure of sets and avoids this problem. With a single feature vector as input, we show that our model is able to auto-encode point sets, predict the set of bounding boxes of objects in an image, and predict the set of attributes of these objects.
Key facts. Cited by 71 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 15 Jun 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 20; 2022: 16; 2023: 13; 2024: 9; 2025: 8; 2026: 5.
71 papers.
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- 2021GENESIS-V2: Inferring Unordered Object Representations without Iterative Refinementcited by 109
- 2021SetVAE: Learning Hierarchical Composition for Generative Modeling of Set-Structured Datacited by 78
- 2021Visual Representation Learning Does Not Generalize Strongly Within the Same Domaincited by 60
- 2022Improving Object-centric Learning with Query Optimizationcited by 60
- 2021Learning Disentangled Representations in the Imaging Domaincited by 46
- 2022Low Dimensional Invariant Embeddings for Universal Geometric Learningcited by 38
- 2021Top-N: Equivariant set and graph generation without exchangeabilitycited by 36
- 2023Neural Injective Functions for Multisets, Measures and Graphs via a Finite Witness Theoremcited by 33
- 2022Learning to Invert: Simple Adaptive Attacks for Gradient Inversion in Federated Learningcited by 30
- 2021The Dark Machines Anomaly Score Challenge: Benchmark Data and Model Independent Event Classification for the Large Hadron Collidercited by 28
- 2023From Bricks to Bridges: Product of Invariances to Enhance Latent Space Communicationcited by 20
- 2021Learning Efficient Multi-Agent Cooperative Visual Explorationcited by 19
38 more
- 2021Multiset-Equivariant Set Prediction with Approximate Implicit Differentiationcited by 17
- 2022Boosting Object Representation Learning via Motion and Object Continuitycited by 17
- 2023Asynchronous Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Efficient Real-Time Multi-Robot Cooperative Explorationcited by 17
- 2021Unknown Object Segmentation from Stereo Imagescited by 16
- 2023Unlocking Slot Attention by Changing Optimal Transport Costscited by 16
- 2023Prefix-Tree Decoding for Predicting Mass Spectra from Moleculescited by 16
- 2021multiPRover: Generating Multiple Proofs for Improved Interpretability in Rule Reasoningcited by 15
- 2022A Survey on Influence Maximization: From an ML-Based Combinatorial Optimizationcited by 15
- 2023Object-Centric Learning with Slot Mixture Modulecited by 11
- 2024PolyOculus: Simultaneous Multi-view Image-based Novel View Synthesiscited by 10
- 2024On permutation-invariant neural networkscited by 10
- 2021Multimodal Fusion Refiner Networkscited by 8
- 2021SLASH: Embracing Probabilistic Circuits into Neural Answer Set Programmingcited by 8
- 2024Rethinking Deep Thinking: Stable Learning of Algorithms using Lipschitz Constraintscited by 8
- 2022Conditional set generation using Seq2seq modelscited by 7
- 2022Robust and Controllable Object-Centric Learning through Energy-based Modelscited by 7
- 2023Let There Be Order: Rethinking Ordering in Autoregressive Graph Generationcited by 7
- 2023SGOOD: Substructure-enhanced Graph-Level Out-of-Distribution Detectioncited by 7
- 2021Set-to-Sequence Methods in Machine Learning: a Reviewcited by 6
- 2022Conditional Permutation Invariant Flowscited by 6
- 2022Neural Estimation of Submodular Functions with Applications to Differentiable Subset Selectioncited by 6
- 2023Polynomial Width is Sufficient for Set Representation with High-dimensional Featurescited by 6
- 2025Audio synthesizer inversion in symmetric parameter spaces with approximately equivariant flow matchingcited by 6
- 2021Tackling the Challenges in Scene Graph Generation with Local-to-Global Interactionscited by 5
- 2021USCO-Solver: Solving Undetermined Stochastic Combinatorial Optimization Problemscited by 5
- 2024A Unified Framework for Human-Allied Learning of Probabilistic Circuitscited by 5
- 2022Learning Proximal Operators to Discover Multiple Optimacited by 4
- 2023Permutation-Invariant Set Autoencoders with Fixed-Size Embeddings for Multi-Agent Learningcited by 4
- 2023AudioSlots: A slot-centric generative model for audio separationcited by 4
- 2024SPARO: Selective Attention for Robust and Compositional Transformer Encodings for Visioncited by 4
- 2021PICASO: Permutation-Invariant Cascaded Attentional Set Operatorcited by 3
- 2021A deep learning guided memetic framework for graph coloring problemscited by 3
- 2022Object Detection as Probabilistic Set Predictioncited by 3
- 2024A Review on Fragment-based De Novo 2D Molecule Generationcited by 3
- 2025Advances in Set Function Learning: A Survey of Techniques and Applicationscited by 3
- 2021Pruning Edges and Gradients to Learn Hypergraphs from Larger Setscited by 2
- 2021SHIFT15M: Fashion-specific dataset for set-to-set matching with several distribution shiftscited by 2
- 2022Search for Concepts: Discovering Visual Concepts Using Direct Optimizationcited by 2
50 most cited of 71 All 71 (JSON)
- 2026GLASS: Global Latent Aggregation with Slot-based Set Decoding for Scalable All-Atom Crystal Generation29 Sep 2026
- 2026Learning Permutation-invariant Macroscopic Dynamics29 May 2026
- 2026FILTR: Extracting Topological Features from Pretrained 3D Models24 Apr 2026
- 2026Reasoning under Ambiguity: Uncertainty-Aware Multilingual Emotion Classification under Partial Supervision5 Feb 2026
- 2026NEST: Nested Event Stream Transformer for Sequences of Multisets31 Jan 2026
- 2025Adaptive Point-Prompt Tuning: Fine-Tuning Heterogeneous Foundation Models for 3D Point Cloud Analysis30 Aug 2025
- 2025Compressive Meta-Learning14 Aug 2025
- 2025SynDaCaTE: A Synthetic Dataset For Evaluating Part-Whole Hierarchical Inference21 Jun 2025
- 2025Audio synthesizer inversion in symmetric parameter spaces with approximately equivariant flow matching8 Jun 2025
- 2025PI-H2T: Enhancing Long-Tailed Visual Recognition with Permutation-Invariant and Head-to-Tail Feature Fusion31 May 2025
- 2025Tokenize Image as a Set20 Mar 2025
- 2025SeqSAM: Autoregressive Multiple Hypothesis Prediction for Medical Image Segmentation using SAM12 Mar 2025
38 more
- 2025Advances in Set Function Learning: A Survey of Techniques and Applications24 Jan 2025
- 2024Rethinking Deep Thinking: Stable Learning of Algorithms using Lipschitz Constraints30 Oct 2024
- 2024OpenSlot: Mixed Open-Set Recognition with Object-Centric Learning2 Jul 2024
- 2024Non-autoregressive Personalized Bundle Generation11 Jun 2024
- 2024A Review on Fragment-based De Novo 2D Molecule Generation8 May 2024
- 2024A Unified Framework for Human-Allied Learning of Probabilistic Circuits3 May 2024
- 2024SPARO: Selective Attention for Robust and Compositional Transformer Encodings for Vision24 Apr 2024
- 2024On permutation-invariant neural networks26 Mar 2024
- 2024Deep Submodular Peripteral Networks13 Mar 2024
- 2024PolyOculus: Simultaneous Multi-view Image-based Novel View Synthesis28 Feb 2024
- 2023Object-Centric Learning with Slot Mixture Module8 Nov 2023
- 2023SGOOD: Substructure-enhanced Graph-Level Out-of-Distribution Detection16 Oct 2023
- 2023From Bricks to Bridges: Product of Invariances to Enhance Latent Space Communication2 Oct 2023
- 2023Polynomial Width is Sufficient for Set Representation with High-dimensional Features8 Jul 2023
- 2023Neural Injective Functions for Multisets, Measures and Graphs via a Finite Witness Theorem10 Jun 2023
- 2023Let There Be Order: Rethinking Ordering in Autoregressive Graph Generation24 May 2023
- 2023AudioSlots: A slot-centric generative model for audio separation9 May 2023
- 2023DPPD: Deformable Polar Polygon Object Detection5 Apr 2023
- 2023Prefix-Tree Decoding for Predicting Mass Spectra from Molecules11 Mar 2023
- 2023Permutation-Invariant Set Autoencoders with Fixed-Size Embeddings for Multi-Agent Learning24 Feb 2023
- 2023Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Neural Networks for Multi-Label Classification21 Feb 2023
- 2023Unlocking Slot Attention by Changing Optimal Transport Costs30 Jan 2023
- 2023Asynchronous Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Efficient Real-Time Multi-Robot Cooperative Exploration9 Jan 2023
- 2022Deep set conditioned latent representations for action recognition21 Dec 2022
- 2022Boosting Object Representation Learning via Motion and Object Continuity16 Nov 2022
- 2022A Survey on Influence Maximization: From an ML-Based Combinatorial Optimization6 Nov 2022
- 2022Search for Concepts: Discovering Visual Concepts Using Direct Optimization25 Oct 2022
- 2022Neural Estimation of Submodular Functions with Applications to Differentiable Subset Selection20 Oct 2022
- 2022Learning to Invert: Simple Adaptive Attacks for Gradient Inversion in Federated Learning19 Oct 2022
- 2022Improving Object-centric Learning with Query Optimization17 Oct 2022
- 2022Robust and Controllable Object-Centric Learning through Energy-based Models11 Oct 2022
- 2022Social-Inverse: Inverse Decision-making of Social Contagion Management with Task Migrations21 Sep 2022
- 2022Conditional Permutation Invariant Flows17 Jun 2022
- 2022Learning Robust Representations Of Generative Models Using Set-Based Artificial Fingerprints4 Jun 2022
- 2022Conditional set generation using Seq2seq models25 May 2022
- 2022Low Dimensional Invariant Embeddings for Universal Geometric Learning5 May 2022
- 2022Object Detection as Probabilistic Set Prediction15 Mar 2022
- 2022GausSetExpander: A Simple Approach for Entity Set Expansion28 Feb 2022
50 newest of 71 All 71 (JSON)
- 2021GENESIS-V2: Inferring Unordered Object Representations without Iterative Refinementcited by 109
- 2021SetVAE: Learning Hierarchical Composition for Generative Modeling of Set-Structured Datacited by 78
- 2021Visual Representation Learning Does Not Generalize Strongly Within the Same Domaincited by 60
- 2022Improving Object-centric Learning with Query Optimizationcited by 60
- 2021Learning Disentangled Representations in the Imaging Domaincited by 46
- 2022Low Dimensional Invariant Embeddings for Universal Geometric Learningcited by 38
- 2021Top-N: Equivariant set and graph generation without exchangeabilitycited by 36
- 2023Neural Injective Functions for Multisets, Measures and Graphs via a Finite Witness Theoremcited by 33
- 2022Learning to Invert: Simple Adaptive Attacks for Gradient Inversion in Federated Learningcited by 30
- 2021The Dark Machines Anomaly Score Challenge: Benchmark Data and Model Independent Event Classification for the Large Hadron Collidercited by 28
- 2023From Bricks to Bridges: Product of Invariances to Enhance Latent Space Communicationcited by 20
- 2021Learning Efficient Multi-Agent Cooperative Visual Explorationcited by 19
12 most cited of 69 All 69 (JSON)
- 2026GLASS: Global Latent Aggregation with Slot-based Set Decoding for Scalable All-Atom Crystal Generation29 Sep 2026
- 2026Learning Permutation-invariant Macroscopic Dynamics29 May 2026
- 2026FILTR: Extracting Topological Features from Pretrained 3D Models24 Apr 2026
- 2026Reasoning under Ambiguity: Uncertainty-Aware Multilingual Emotion Classification under Partial Supervision5 Feb 2026
- 2026NEST: Nested Event Stream Transformer for Sequences of Multisets31 Jan 2026
- 2025Adaptive Point-Prompt Tuning: Fine-Tuning Heterogeneous Foundation Models for 3D Point Cloud Analysis30 Aug 2025
- 2025Compressive Meta-Learning14 Aug 2025
- 2025SynDaCaTE: A Synthetic Dataset For Evaluating Part-Whole Hierarchical Inference21 Jun 2025
- 2025PI-H2T: Enhancing Long-Tailed Visual Recognition with Permutation-Invariant and Head-to-Tail Feature Fusion31 May 2025
- 2025Tokenize Image as a Set20 Mar 2025
- 2025SeqSAM: Autoregressive Multiple Hypothesis Prediction for Medical Image Segmentation using SAM12 Mar 2025
- 2025Advances in Set Function Learning: A Survey of Techniques and Applications24 Jan 2025
12 newest of 69 All 69 (JSON)