LADN: Local Adversarial Disentangling Network for Facial Makeup and De-Makeup
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Abstract (arXiv)
We propose a local adversarial disentangling network (LADN) for facial makeup and de-makeup. Central to our method are multiple and overlapping local adversarial discriminators in a content-style disentangling network for achieving local detail transfer between facial images, with the use of asymmetric loss functions for dramatic makeup styles with high-frequency details. Existing techniques do not demonstrate or fail to transfer high-frequency details in a global adversarial setting, or train a single local discriminator only to ensure image structure consistency and thus work only for relatively simple styles. Unlike others, our proposed local adversarial discriminators can distinguish whether the generated local image details are consistent with the corresponding regions in the given reference image in cross-image style transfer in an unsupervised setting. Incorporating these technical contributions, we achieve not only state-of-the-art results on conventional styles but also novel results involving complex and dramatic styles with high-frequency details covering large areas across multiple facial features. A carefully designed dataset of unpaired before and after makeup images is released.
Key facts. Cited by 63 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 25 Apr 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 12; 2022: 11; 2023: 6; 2024: 13; 2025: 10; 2026: 11.
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- 2021Towards Real-World Blind Face Restoration with Generative Facial Priorcited by 347
- 2021Adv-Makeup: A New Imperceptible and Transferable Attack on Face Recognitioncited by 95
- 2022Protecting Facial Privacy: Generating Adversarial Identity Masks via Style-robust Makeup Transfercited by 77
- 2024Deepfake Generation and Detection: A Benchmark and Surveycited by 66
- 2022Region-Aware Face Swappingcited by 45
- 2024Stable-Makeup: When Real-World Makeup Transfer Meets Diffusion Modelcited by 44
- 2023CLIP2Protect: Protecting Facial Privacy using Text-Guided Makeup via Adversarial Latent Searchcited by 42
- 2021Lipstick ain't enough: Beyond Color Matching for In-the-Wild Makeup Transfercited by 35
- 2024DiffAM: Diffusion-based Adversarial Makeup Transfer for Facial Privacy Protectioncited by 31
- 2022EleGANt: Exquisite and Locally Editable GAN for Makeup Transfercited by 28
- 2021FaceController: Controllable Attribute Editing for Face in the Wildcited by 22
- 2021SOGAN: 3D-Aware Shadow and Occlusion Robust GAN for Makeup Transfercited by 22
38 more
- 2021SSAT: A Symmetric Semantic-Aware Transformer Network for Makeup Transfer and Removalcited by 22
- 2022Few-Shot Head Swapping in the Wildcited by 20
- 2021Facial Attribute Transformers for Precise and Robust Makeup Transfercited by 17
- 2021PSGAN++: Robust Detail-Preserving Makeup Transfer and Removalcited by 17
- 2022GAN-based Facial Attribute Manipulationcited by 16
- 2022BeautyREC: Robust, Efficient, and Content-preserving Makeup Transfercited by 16
- 2024Content-Style Decoupling for Unsupervised Makeup Transfer without Generating Pseudo Ground Truthcited by 15
- 2022BareSkinNet: De-makeup and De-lighting via 3D Face Reconstructioncited by 10
- 2024SHMT: Self-supervised Hierarchical Makeup Transfer via Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 10
- 2023Makeup Extraction of 3D Representation via Illumination-Aware Image Decompositioncited by 8
- 2024Makeup Prior Models for 3D Facial Makeup Estimation and Applicationscited by 7
- 2024Makeup-Guided Facial Privacy Protection via Untrained Neural Network Priorscited by 7
- 2025Enhancing Facial Privacy Protection via Weakening Diffusion Purificationcited by 7
- 2021DRAN: Detailed Region-Adaptive Normalization for Conditional Image Synthesiscited by 6
- 2021Few-Shot Model Adaptation for Customized Facial Landmark Detection, Segmentation, Stylization and Shadow Removalcited by 5
- 20233D-Aware Adversarial Makeup Generation for Facial Privacy Protectioncited by 5
- 2025Diffusion-based Adversarial Identity Manipulation for Facial Privacy Protectioncited by 5
- 2025FLUX-Makeup: High-Fidelity, Identity-Consistent, and Robust Makeup Transfer via Diffusion Transformercited by 5
- 2022Semi-parametric Makeup Transfer via Semantic-aware Correspondencecited by 4
- 2023Fix the Noise: Disentangling Source Feature for Controllable Domain Translationcited by 4
- 2024A Survey on Physical Adversarial Attacks against Face Recognition Systemscited by 4
- 2024BeautyBank: Encoding Facial Makeup in Latent Spacecited by 4
- 2025MoFRR: Mixture of Diffusion Models for Face Retouching Restorationcited by 4
- 2022Modern Augmented Reality: Applications, Trends, and Future Directionscited by 3
- 2022A comprehensive survey on semantic facial attribute editing using generative adversarial networkscited by 3
- 2024MakeupAttack: Feature Space Black-box Backdoor Attack on Face Recognition via Makeup Transfercited by 3
- 2025AvatarMakeup: Realistic Makeup Transfer for 3D Animatable Head Avatarscited by 3
- 2021Tool- and Domain-Agnostic Parameterization of Style Transfer Effects Leveraging Pretrained Perceptual Metricscited by 2
- 2022ScoreMix: A Scalable Augmentation Strategy for Training GANs with Limited Datacited by 2
- 2023SARA: Controllable Makeup Transfer with Spatial Alignment and Region-Adaptive Normalizationcited by 2
- 2025FFHQ-Makeup: Paired Synthetic Makeup Dataset with Facial Consistency Across Multiple Stylescited by 2
- 2025EvoMakeup: High-Fidelity and Controllable Makeup Editing with MakeupQuadcited by 2
- 2021fAshIon after fashion: A Report of AI in Fashioncited by 1
- 2024Disentangling Racial Phenotypes: Fine-Grained Control of Race-related Facial Phenotype Characteristicscited by 1
- 2024Gorgeous: Create Your Desired Character Facial Makeup from Any Ideascited by 1
- 2024Detecting Adversarial Data using Perturbation Forgerycited by 1
- 2025DreamMakeup: Face Makeup Customization using Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 1
- 2026Supervised makeup transfer with a curated dataset: Decoupling identity and makeup features for enhanced transformationcited by 1
50 most cited of 63 All 63 (JSON)
- 2026Face De-Identification: A Domain-Centric Survey from Capture to Processing28 Jul 2026
- 2026MagicMakeup: A Region-Controllable Diffusion Transformer for High-Fidelity Makeup-Transfer23 Jul 2026
- 2026Phantom: A Unified Face-Swap Deepfake Protection Framework with Latent and Spatial Constraints30 Jun 2026
- 2026MakeupMirror: Improving Facial Attribute Preservation in Diffusion Models for Makeup Transfer18 Jun 2026
- 2026Flux-Guard: Facial Identity Protection using diffusion models16 Jun 2026
- 2026Adv-TGD: Adversarial Text-Guided Diffusion for Face Recognition Impersonation Attacks10 Jun 2026
- 2026From Synthetic to Real: Toward Identity-Consistent Makeup Transfer with Synthetic and Real Data8 May 2026
- 2026Diffusion-Based Makeup Transfer with Facial Region-Aware Makeup Features20 Mar 2026
- 2026Machine Pareidolia: Protecting Facial Image with Emotional Editing4 Mar 2026
- 2026Realistic Face Reconstruction from Facial Embeddings via Diffusion Models13 Feb 2026
- 2026Supervised makeup transfer with a curated dataset: Decoupling identity and makeup features for enhanced transformation31 Jan 2026
- 2025DreamMakeup: Face Makeup Customization using Latent Diffusion Models13 Oct 2025
38 more
- 2025Towards High-Fidelity, Identity-Preserving Real-Time Makeup Transfer: Decoupling Style Generation2 Sep 2025
- 2025EvoMakeup: High-Fidelity and Controllable Makeup Editing with MakeupQuad8 Aug 2025
- 2025FLUX-Makeup: High-Fidelity, Identity-Consistent, and Robust Makeup Transfer via Diffusion Transformer7 Aug 2025
- 2025FFHQ-Makeup: Paired Synthetic Makeup Dataset with Facial Consistency Across Multiple Styles5 Aug 2025
- 2025MoFRR: Mixture of Diffusion Models for Face Retouching Restoration26 Jul 2025
- 2025DiffClean: Diffusion-based Makeup Removal for Accurate Age Estimation17 Jul 2025
- 2025AvatarMakeup: Realistic Makeup Transfer for 3D Animatable Head Avatars3 Jul 2025
- 2025Diffusion-based Adversarial Identity Manipulation for Facial Privacy Protection30 Apr 2025
- 2025Enhancing Facial Privacy Protection via Weakening Diffusion Purification13 Mar 2025
- 2024SHMT: Self-supervised Hierarchical Makeup Transfer via Latent Diffusion Models15 Dec 2024
- 2024BeautyBank: Encoding Facial Makeup in Latent Space18 Nov 2024
- 2024A Survey on Physical Adversarial Attacks against Face Recognition Systems10 Oct 2024
- 2024MakeupAttack: Feature Space Black-box Backdoor Attack on Face Recognition via Makeup Transfer22 Aug 2024
- 2024Makeup-Guided Facial Privacy Protection via Untrained Neural Network Priors20 Aug 2024
- 2024Content-Style Decoupling for Unsupervised Makeup Transfer without Generating Pseudo Ground Truth27 May 2024
- 2024Detecting Adversarial Data using Perturbation Forgery25 May 2024
- 2024DiffAM: Diffusion-based Adversarial Makeup Transfer for Facial Privacy Protection16 May 2024
- 2024Gorgeous: Create Your Desired Character Facial Makeup from Any Ideas22 Apr 2024
- 2024Disentangling Racial Phenotypes: Fine-Grained Control of Race-related Facial Phenotype Characteristics29 Mar 2024
- 2024Deepfake Generation and Detection: A Benchmark and Survey26 Mar 2024
- 2024Makeup Prior Models for 3D Facial Makeup Estimation and Applications26 Mar 2024
- 2024Stable-Makeup: When Real-World Makeup Transfer Meets Diffusion Model12 Mar 2024
- 2023MicroGlam: Microscopic Skin Image Dataset with Cosmetics29 Nov 2023
- 2023SARA: Controllable Makeup Transfer with Spatial Alignment and Region-Adaptive Normalization28 Nov 2023
- 20233D-Aware Adversarial Makeup Generation for Facial Privacy Protection26 Jun 2023
- 2023CLIP2Protect: Protecting Facial Privacy using Text-Guided Makeup via Adversarial Latent Search16 Jun 2023
- 2023Fix the Noise: Disentangling Source Feature for Controllable Domain Translation21 Mar 2023
- 2023Makeup Extraction of 3D Representation via Illumination-Aware Image Decomposition26 Feb 2023
- 2022BeautyREC: Robust, Efficient, and Content-preserving Makeup Transfer12 Dec 2022
- 2022ScoreMix: A Scalable Augmentation Strategy for Training GANs with Limited Data27 Oct 2022
- 2022GAN-based Facial Attribute Manipulation23 Oct 2022
- 2022BareSkinNet: De-makeup and De-lighting via 3D Face Reconstruction19 Sep 2022
- 2022EleGANt: Exquisite and Locally Editable GAN for Makeup Transfer20 Jul 2022
- 2022A comprehensive survey on semantic facial attribute editing using generative adversarial networks21 May 2022
- 2022Few-Shot Head Swapping in the Wild27 Apr 2022
- 2022Region-Aware Face Swapping9 Mar 2022
- 2022Protecting Facial Privacy: Generating Adversarial Identity Masks via Style-robust Makeup Transfer7 Mar 2022
- 2022Semi-parametric Makeup Transfer via Semantic-aware Correspondence4 Mar 2022
50 newest of 63 All 63 (JSON)
- 2024Stable-Makeup: When Real-World Makeup Transfer Meets Diffusion Modelcited by 44
- 2024DiffAM: Diffusion-based Adversarial Makeup Transfer for Facial Privacy Protectioncited by 31
- 2024SHMT: Self-supervised Hierarchical Makeup Transfer via Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 10
- 2025Enhancing Facial Privacy Protection via Weakening Diffusion Purificationcited by 7
- 2025FLUX-Makeup: High-Fidelity, Identity-Consistent, and Robust Makeup Transfer via Diffusion Transformercited by 5
- 2025MoFRR: Mixture of Diffusion Models for Face Retouching Restorationcited by 4
- 2025AvatarMakeup: Realistic Makeup Transfer for 3D Animatable Head Avatarscited by 3
- 2025DreamMakeup: Face Makeup Customization using Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 1
- 2026Supervised makeup transfer with a curated dataset: Decoupling identity and makeup features for enhanced transformationcited by 1
- 2026Adv-TGD: Adversarial Text-Guided Diffusion for Face Recognition Impersonation Attackscited by 1
- 2026Flux-Guard: Facial Identity Protection using diffusion modelscited by 1
- 2026Realistic Face Reconstruction from Facial Embeddings via Diffusion Modelscited by 0
12 most cited of 14 All 14 (JSON)
- 2026MagicMakeup: A Region-Controllable Diffusion Transformer for High-Fidelity Makeup-Transfer23 Jul 2026
- 2026MakeupMirror: Improving Facial Attribute Preservation in Diffusion Models for Makeup Transfer18 Jun 2026
- 2026Flux-Guard: Facial Identity Protection using diffusion models16 Jun 2026
- 2026Adv-TGD: Adversarial Text-Guided Diffusion for Face Recognition Impersonation Attacks10 Jun 2026
- 2026Realistic Face Reconstruction from Facial Embeddings via Diffusion Models13 Feb 2026
- 2026Supervised makeup transfer with a curated dataset: Decoupling identity and makeup features for enhanced transformation31 Jan 2026
- 2025DreamMakeup: Face Makeup Customization using Latent Diffusion Models13 Oct 2025
- 2025FLUX-Makeup: High-Fidelity, Identity-Consistent, and Robust Makeup Transfer via Diffusion Transformer7 Aug 2025
- 2025MoFRR: Mixture of Diffusion Models for Face Retouching Restoration26 Jul 2025
- 2025AvatarMakeup: Realistic Makeup Transfer for 3D Animatable Head Avatars3 Jul 2025
- 2025Enhancing Facial Privacy Protection via Weakening Diffusion Purification13 Mar 2025
- 2024SHMT: Self-supervised Hierarchical Makeup Transfer via Latent Diffusion Models15 Dec 2024
12 newest of 14 All 14 (JSON)
- 2021Towards Real-World Blind Face Restoration with Generative Facial Priorcited by 347
- 2021Adv-Makeup: A New Imperceptible and Transferable Attack on Face Recognitioncited by 95
- 2022Protecting Facial Privacy: Generating Adversarial Identity Masks via Style-robust Makeup Transfercited by 77
- 2024Deepfake Generation and Detection: A Benchmark and Surveycited by 66
- 2022Region-Aware Face Swappingcited by 45
- 2023CLIP2Protect: Protecting Facial Privacy using Text-Guided Makeup via Adversarial Latent Searchcited by 42
- 2021Lipstick ain't enough: Beyond Color Matching for In-the-Wild Makeup Transfercited by 35
- 2022EleGANt: Exquisite and Locally Editable GAN for Makeup Transfercited by 28
- 2021FaceController: Controllable Attribute Editing for Face in the Wildcited by 22
- 2021SOGAN: 3D-Aware Shadow and Occlusion Robust GAN for Makeup Transfercited by 22
- 2021SSAT: A Symmetric Semantic-Aware Transformer Network for Makeup Transfer and Removalcited by 22
- 2022Few-Shot Head Swapping in the Wildcited by 20
12 most cited of 49 All 49 (JSON)
- 2026Face De-Identification: A Domain-Centric Survey from Capture to Processing28 Jul 2026
- 2026Phantom: A Unified Face-Swap Deepfake Protection Framework with Latent and Spatial Constraints30 Jun 2026
- 2026From Synthetic to Real: Toward Identity-Consistent Makeup Transfer with Synthetic and Real Data8 May 2026
- 2026Diffusion-Based Makeup Transfer with Facial Region-Aware Makeup Features20 Mar 2026
- 2026Machine Pareidolia: Protecting Facial Image with Emotional Editing4 Mar 2026
- 2025Towards High-Fidelity, Identity-Preserving Real-Time Makeup Transfer: Decoupling Style Generation2 Sep 2025
- 2025EvoMakeup: High-Fidelity and Controllable Makeup Editing with MakeupQuad8 Aug 2025
- 2025FFHQ-Makeup: Paired Synthetic Makeup Dataset with Facial Consistency Across Multiple Styles5 Aug 2025
- 2025DiffClean: Diffusion-based Makeup Removal for Accurate Age Estimation17 Jul 2025
- 2025Diffusion-based Adversarial Identity Manipulation for Facial Privacy Protection30 Apr 2025
- 2024BeautyBank: Encoding Facial Makeup in Latent Space18 Nov 2024
- 2024A Survey on Physical Adversarial Attacks against Face Recognition Systems10 Oct 2024
12 newest of 49 All 49 (JSON)