Effective Aesthetics Prediction with Multi-level Spatially Pooled Features
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Abstract (arXiv)
We propose an effective deep learning approach to aesthetics quality assessment that relies on a new type of pre-trained features, and apply it to the AVA data set, the currently largest aesthetics database. While previous approaches miss some of the information in the original images, due to taking small crops, down-scaling or warping the originals during training, we propose the first method that efficiently supports full resolution images as an input, and can be trained on variable input sizes. This allows us to significantly improve upon the state of the art, increasing the Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient (SRCC) of ground-truth mean opinion scores (MOS) from the existing best reported of 0.612 to 0.756. To achieve this performance, we extract multi-level spatially pooled (MLSP) features from all convolutional blocks of a pre-trained InceptionResNet-v2 network, and train a custom shallow Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture on these new features.
Key facts. Cited by 53 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 2 Apr 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 9; 2022: 9; 2023: 10; 2024: 13; 2025: 7; 2026: 5.
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- 2021MUSIQ: Multi-scale Image Quality Transformercited by 1,081
- 2023Q-Align: Teaching LMMs for Visual Scoring via Discrete Text-Defined Levelscited by 503
- 2022Exploring Video Quality Assessment on User Generated Contents from Aesthetic and Technical Perspectivescited by 320
- 2023TOPIQ: A Top-down Approach from Semantics to Distortions for Image Quality Assessmentcited by 226
- 2023VILA: Learning Image Aesthetics from User Comments with Vision-Language Pretrainingcited by 65
- 2023Towards Artistic Image Aesthetics Assessment: a Large-scale Dataset and a New Methodcited by 49
- 2024UNIAA: A Unified Multi-modal Image Aesthetic Assessment Baseline and Benchmarkcited by 42
- 2025HumanAesExpert: Advancing a Multi-Modality Foundation Model for Human Image Aesthetic Assessmentcited by 19
- 2021A Circular-Structured Representation for Visual Emotion Distribution Learningcited by 17
- 2024UHD-IQA Benchmark Database: Pushing the Boundaries of Blind Photo Quality Assessmentcited by 16
- 2022Understanding Aesthetics with Language: A Photo Critique Dataset for Aesthetic Assessmentcited by 15
- 2024Quality Assessment for AI Generated Images with Instruction Tuningcited by 13
38 more
- 2024UniQA: Unified Vision-Language Pre-training for Image Quality and Aesthetic Assessmentcited by 13
- 2022Distilling Knowledge from Object Classification to Aesthetics Assessmentcited by 12
- 2023CLiF-VQA: Enhancing Video Quality Assessment by Incorporating High-Level Semantic Information related to Human Feelingscited by 11
- 2025KVQ: Boosting Video Quality Assessment via Saliency-guided Local Perceptioncited by 11
- 2021A Hypothesis for the Aesthetic Appreciation in Neural Networkscited by 9
- 2021Composition and Style Attributes Guided Image Aesthetic Assessmentcited by 9
- 2022KonX: Cross-Resolution Image Quality Assessmentcited by 9
- 2023A Wireless AI-Generated Content (AIGC) Provisioning Framework Empowered by Semantic Communicationcited by 8
- 2024QPT V2: Masked Image Modeling Advances Visual Scoringcited by 8
- 2021User-Guided Personalized Image Aesthetic Assessment based on Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 7
- 2024Scaling Up Personalized Image Aesthetic Assessment via Task Vector Customizationcited by 6
- 2022Image Aesthetics Assessment Using Graph Attention Networkcited by 5
- 2025Gamma: Toward Generic Image Assessment with Mixture of Assessment Expertscited by 5
- 2025Charm: The Missing Piece in ViT fine-tuning for Image Aesthetic Assessmentcited by 5
- 2026Fine-grained Image Aesthetic Assessment: Learning Discriminative Scores from Relative Rankscited by 5
- 2023CLIP Brings Better Features to Visual Aesthetics Learnerscited by 4
- 2023Image Aesthetics Assessment via Learnable Queriescited by 4
- 2023ALL-E: Aesthetics-guided Low-light Image Enhancementcited by 3
- 2024Aligning Vision Models with Human Aesthetics in Retrieval: Benchmarks and Algorithmscited by 3
- 2021Horizontal-to-Vertical Video Conversioncited by 2
- 2021Consumer Image Quality Prediction using Recurrent Neural Networks for Spatial Poolingcited by 2
- 2022Series Photo Selection via Multi-view Graph Learningcited by 2
- 2022Fairness in generative modelingcited by 2
- 2022OAIR: Object-Aware Image Retargeting Using PSO and Aesthetic Quality Assessmentcited by 1
- 2022Exploring CNN-based models for image's aesthetic score prediction with using ensemblecited by 1
- 2024Multi-modal Learnable Queries for Image Aesthetics Assessmentcited by 1
- 2024PanoTree: Autonomous Photo-Spot Explorer in Virtual Reality Scenescited by 1
- 2024AID-AppEAL: Automatic Image Dataset and Algorithm for Content Appeal Enhancement and Assessment Labelingcited by 1
- 2024MobileIQA: Exploiting Mobile-level Diverse Opinion Network For No-Reference Image Quality Assessment Using Knowledge Distillationcited by 1
- 2026DiffoR: A Unified Continuous Generative Framework for Universal Ordinal Regressioncited by 1
- 2021Multi-Modal Aesthetic Assessment for MObile Gaming Imagecited by 0
- 2021Considering user agreement in learning to predict the aesthetic qualitycited by 0
- 2023Supervised Deep Learning for Content-Aware Image Retargeting with Fourier Convolutionscited by 0
- 2024AACP: Aesthetics assessment of children's paintings based on self-supervised learningcited by 0
- 2024Focus-Consistent Multi-Level Aggregation for Compositional Zero-Shot Learningcited by 0
- 2025Facial Attractiveness Prediction in Live Streaming: A New Benchmark and Multi-modal Methodcited by 0
- 2025Explaining Automatic Image Assessmentcited by 0
- 2025Aesthetic Image Captioning with Saliency Enhanced MLLMscited by 0
50 most cited of 53 All 53 (JSON)
- 2026PortraitAes: Intent-Conditioned Structured Portrait Aesthetic Assessment4 Oct 2026
- 2026DiffoR: A Unified Continuous Generative Framework for Universal Ordinal Regression29 May 2026
- 2026Aes3D: Aesthetic Assessment in 3D Gaussian Splatting6 May 2026
- 2026From Concepts to Judgments: Interpretable Image Aesthetic Assessment18 Mar 2026
- 2026Fine-grained Image Aesthetic Assessment: Learning Discriminative Scores from Relative Ranks4 Mar 2026
- 2025Aesthetic Image Captioning with Saliency Enhanced MLLMs4 Sep 2025
- 2025Charm: The Missing Piece in ViT fine-tuning for Image Aesthetic Assessment3 Apr 2025
- 2025HumanAesExpert: Advancing a Multi-Modality Foundation Model for Human Image Aesthetic Assessment31 Mar 2025
- 2025KVQ: Boosting Video Quality Assessment via Saliency-guided Local Perception13 Mar 2025
- 2025Gamma: Toward Generic Image Assessment with Mixture of Assessment Experts9 Mar 2025
- 2025Explaining Automatic Image Assessment3 Feb 2025
- 2025Facial Attractiveness Prediction in Live Streaming: A New Benchmark and Multi-modal Method5 Jan 2025
38 more
- 2024MobileIQA: Exploiting Mobile-level Diverse Opinion Network For No-Reference Image Quality Assessment Using Knowledge Distillation2 Sep 2024
- 2024Focus-Consistent Multi-Level Aggregation for Compositional Zero-Shot Learning30 Aug 2024
- 2024QPT V2: Masked Image Modeling Advances Visual Scoring23 Jul 2024
- 2024Scaling Up Personalized Image Aesthetic Assessment via Task Vector Customization9 Jul 2024
- 2024AID-AppEAL: Automatic Image Dataset and Algorithm for Content Appeal Enhancement and Assessment Labeling8 Jul 2024
- 2024UHD-IQA Benchmark Database: Pushing the Boundaries of Blind Photo Quality Assessment25 Jun 2024
- 2024Aligning Vision Models with Human Aesthetics in Retrieval: Benchmarks and Algorithms13 Jun 2024
- 2024UniQA: Unified Vision-Language Pre-training for Image Quality and Aesthetic Assessment3 Jun 2024
- 2024PanoTree: Autonomous Photo-Spot Explorer in Virtual Reality Scenes27 May 2024
- 2024Quality Assessment for AI Generated Images with Instruction Tuning12 May 2024
- 2024Multi-modal Learnable Queries for Image Aesthetics Assessment2 May 2024
- 2024UNIAA: A Unified Multi-modal Image Aesthetic Assessment Baseline and Benchmark15 Apr 2024
- 2024AACP: Aesthetics assessment of children's paintings based on self-supervised learning12 Mar 2024
- 2023Q-Align: Teaching LMMs for Visual Scoring via Discrete Text-Defined Levels28 Dec 2023
- 2023CLiF-VQA: Enhancing Video Quality Assessment by Incorporating High-Level Semantic Information related to Human Feelings13 Nov 2023
- 2023A Wireless AI-Generated Content (AIGC) Provisioning Framework Empowered by Semantic Communication26 Oct 2023
- 2023Image Aesthetics Assessment via Learnable Queries6 Sep 2023
- 2023TOPIQ: A Top-down Approach from Semantics to Distortions for Image Quality Assessment6 Aug 2023
- 2023CLIP Brings Better Features to Visual Aesthetics Learners28 Jul 2023
- 2023Supervised Deep Learning for Content-Aware Image Retargeting with Fourier Convolutions12 Jun 2023
- 2023ALL-E: Aesthetics-guided Low-light Image Enhancement28 Apr 2023
- 2023Towards Artistic Image Aesthetics Assessment: a Large-scale Dataset and a New Method27 Mar 2023
- 2023VILA: Learning Image Aesthetics from User Comments with Vision-Language Pretraining24 Mar 2023
- 2022KonX: Cross-Resolution Image Quality Assessment12 Dec 2022
- 2022Exploring Video Quality Assessment on User Generated Contents from Aesthetic and Technical Perspectives9 Nov 2022
- 2022Exploring CNN-based models for image's aesthetic score prediction with using ensemble11 Oct 2022
- 2022Fairness in generative modeling6 Oct 2022
- 2022OAIR: Object-Aware Image Retargeting Using PSO and Aesthetic Quality Assessment11 Sep 2022
- 2022Image Aesthetics Assessment Using Graph Attention Network26 Jun 2022
- 2022Understanding Aesthetics with Language: A Photo Critique Dataset for Aesthetic Assessment17 Jun 2022
- 2022Distilling Knowledge from Object Classification to Aesthetics Assessment2 Jun 2022
- 2022Series Photo Selection via Multi-view Graph Learning18 Mar 2022
- 2021Composition and Style Attributes Guided Image Aesthetic Assessment8 Nov 2021
- 2021Considering user agreement in learning to predict the aesthetic quality13 Oct 2021
- 2021MUSIQ: Multi-scale Image Quality Transformer12 Aug 2021
- 2021A Hypothesis for the Aesthetic Appreciation in Neural Networks31 Jul 2021
- 2021A Circular-Structured Representation for Visual Emotion Distribution Learning23 Jun 2021
- 2021User-Guided Personalized Image Aesthetic Assessment based on Deep Reinforcement Learning14 Jun 2021
50 newest of 53 All 53 (JSON)
- 2021MUSIQ: Multi-scale Image Quality Transformercited by 1,081
- 2023Q-Align: Teaching LMMs for Visual Scoring via Discrete Text-Defined Levelscited by 503
- 2022Exploring Video Quality Assessment on User Generated Contents from Aesthetic and Technical Perspectivescited by 320
- 2023TOPIQ: A Top-down Approach from Semantics to Distortions for Image Quality Assessmentcited by 226
- 2023Towards Artistic Image Aesthetics Assessment: a Large-scale Dataset and a New Methodcited by 49
- 2024UNIAA: A Unified Multi-modal Image Aesthetic Assessment Baseline and Benchmarkcited by 42
- 2025HumanAesExpert: Advancing a Multi-Modality Foundation Model for Human Image Aesthetic Assessmentcited by 19
- 2021A Circular-Structured Representation for Visual Emotion Distribution Learningcited by 17
- 2024UHD-IQA Benchmark Database: Pushing the Boundaries of Blind Photo Quality Assessmentcited by 16
- 2022Understanding Aesthetics with Language: A Photo Critique Dataset for Aesthetic Assessmentcited by 15
- 2024Quality Assessment for AI Generated Images with Instruction Tuningcited by 13
- 2022Distilling Knowledge from Object Classification to Aesthetics Assessmentcited by 12
12 most cited of 47 All 47 (JSON)
- 2026PortraitAes: Intent-Conditioned Structured Portrait Aesthetic Assessment4 Oct 2026
- 2026DiffoR: A Unified Continuous Generative Framework for Universal Ordinal Regression29 May 2026
- 2026Aes3D: Aesthetic Assessment in 3D Gaussian Splatting6 May 2026
- 2026From Concepts to Judgments: Interpretable Image Aesthetic Assessment18 Mar 2026
- 2026Fine-grained Image Aesthetic Assessment: Learning Discriminative Scores from Relative Ranks4 Mar 2026
- 2025Charm: The Missing Piece in ViT fine-tuning for Image Aesthetic Assessment3 Apr 2025
- 2025HumanAesExpert: Advancing a Multi-Modality Foundation Model for Human Image Aesthetic Assessment31 Mar 2025
- 2025KVQ: Boosting Video Quality Assessment via Saliency-guided Local Perception13 Mar 2025
- 2025Gamma: Toward Generic Image Assessment with Mixture of Assessment Experts9 Mar 2025
- 2025Explaining Automatic Image Assessment3 Feb 2025
- 2025Facial Attractiveness Prediction in Live Streaming: A New Benchmark and Multi-modal Method5 Jan 2025
- 2024Focus-Consistent Multi-Level Aggregation for Compositional Zero-Shot Learning30 Aug 2024
12 newest of 47 All 47 (JSON)