mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Explicit Bias Discovery in Visual Question Answering Models

arXiv 1811.07789 ↗First posted 19 Nov 2018cs.CVcited by 42

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Researchers have observed that Visual Question Answering (VQA) models tend to answer questions by learning statistical biases in the data. For example, their answer to the question "What is the color of the grass?" is usually "Green", whereas a question like "What is the title of the book?" cannot be answered by inferring statistical biases. It is of interest to the community to explicitly discover such biases, both for understanding the behavior of such models, and towards debugging them. Our work address this problem. In a database, we store the words of the question, answer and visual words corresponding to regions of interest in attention maps. By running simple rule mining algorithms on this database, we discover human-interpretable rules which give us unique insight into the behavior of such models. Our results also show examples of unusual behaviors learned by models in attempting VQA tasks.

Key facts. Cited by 42 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 19 Nov 2018.

Builds on

No reference list yet.

Built on by

Cited by year

Citing papers per year: 2021: 13; 2022: 14; 2023: 6; 2024: 8; 2025: 1.

42 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2021Are Gender-Neutral Queries Really Gender-Neutral? Mitigating Gender Bias in Image Searchcited by 90
  2. 2021Towards Interpreting and Mitigating Shortcut Learning Behavior of NLU Modelscited by 78
  3. 2021Beyond Question-Based Biases: Assessing Multimodal Shortcut Learning in Visual Question Answeringcited by 71
  4. 2023A Multi-Modal Neural Geometric Solver with Textual Clauses Parsed from Diagramcited by 56
  5. 2022Discover and Mitigate Unknown Biases with Debiasing Alternate Networkscited by 47
  6. 2021Discover the Unknown Biased Attribute of an Image Classifiercited by 46
  7. 2024InjecGuard: Benchmarking and Mitigating Over-defense in Prompt Injection Guardrail Modelscited by 42
  8. 2022Gender and Racial Bias in Visual Question Answering Datasetscited by 39
  9. 2022SwapMix: Diagnosing and Regularizing the Over-Reliance on Visual Context in Visual Question Answeringcited by 38
  10. 2022Language Prior Is Not the Only Shortcut: A Benchmark for Shortcut Learning in VQAcited by 30
  11. 2021VisQA: X-raying Vision and Language Reasoning in Transformerscited by 19
  12. 2021MuMuQA: Multimedia Multi-Hop News Question Answering via Cross-Media Knowledge Extraction and Groundingcited by 19
30 more
  1. 2023Ethical Considerations for Responsible Data Curationcited by 17
  2. 2022Hierarchical Memory Learning for Fine-Grained Scene Graph Generationcited by 15
  3. 2021Calibrating Concepts and Operations: Towards Symbolic Reasoning on Real Imagescited by 14
  4. 2024Fuse, Reason and Verify: Geometry Problem Solving with Parsed Clauses from Diagramcited by 13
  5. 2024Fairness and Bias Mitigation in Computer Vision: A Surveycited by 13
  6. 2022REX: Reasoning-aware and Grounded Explanationcited by 12
  7. 2022CARETS: A Consistency And Robustness Evaluative Test Suite for VQAcited by 11
  8. 2024Navigating the Shortcut Maze: A Comprehensive Analysis of Shortcut Learning in Text Classification by Language Modelscited by 10
  9. 2022Divide and Conquer: Text Semantic Matching with Disentangled Keywords and Intentscited by 9
  10. 2022Chairs Can be Stood on: Overcoming Object Bias in Human-Object Interaction Detectioncited by 9
  11. 2023Combo of Thinking and Observing for Outside-Knowledge VQAcited by 9
  12. 2024A Review of Multimodal Explainable Artificial Intelligence: Past, Present and Futurecited by 9
  13. 2023Dissecting Multimodality in VideoQA Transformer Models by Impairing Modality Fusioncited by 8
  14. 2023Dataset Bias Mitigation in Multiple-Choice Visual Question Answering and Beyondcited by 7
  15. 2021Raising context awareness in motion forecastingcited by 6
  16. 2022Understanding ME? Multimodal Evaluation for Fine-grained Visual Commonsensecited by 5
  17. 2024On the Role of Visual Grounding in VQAcited by 5
  18. 2021iReason: Multimodal Commonsense Reasoning using Videos and Natural Language with Interpretabilitycited by 4
  19. 2022Backdooring Explainable Machine Learningcited by 4
  20. 2023Divide and Conquer: Answering Questions with Object Factorization and Compositional Reasoningcited by 4
  21. 2025Mitigating Easy Option Bias in Multiple-Choice Question Answeringcited by 4
  22. 2021NAAQA: A Neural Architecture for Acoustic Question Answeringcited by 3
  23. 2021A Generative Approach for Mitigating Structural Biases in Natural Language Inferencecited by 3
  24. 2022Towards Automated Error Analysis: Learning to Characterize Errorscited by 3
  25. 2021Generating and Evaluating Explanations of Attended and Error-Inducing Input Regions for VQA Modelscited by 2
  26. 2021Don't Discard All the Biased Instances: Investigating a Core Assumption in Dataset Bias Mitigation Techniquescited by 2
  27. 2022Unveiling Project-Specific Bias in Neural Code Modelscited by 1
  28. 2024Common-Sense Bias Modeling for Classification Taskscited by 1
  29. 2022Compressing And Debiasing Vision-Language Pre-Trained Models for Visual Question Answeringcited by 0
  30. 2024Revealing Vulnerabilities of Neural Networks in Parameter Learning and Defense Against Explanation-Aware Backdoorscited by 0