Cost-Sensitive Active Learning for Intracranial Hemorrhage Detection
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Abstract (arXiv)
Deep learning for clinical applications is subject to stringent performance requirements, which raises a need for large labeled datasets. However, the enormous cost of labeling medical data makes this challenging. In this paper, we build a cost-sensitive active learning system for the problem of intracranial hemorrhage detection and segmentation on head computed tomography (CT). We show that our ensemble method compares favorably with the state-of-the-art, while running faster and using less memory. Moreover, our experiments are done using a substantially larger dataset than earlier papers on this topic. Since the labeling time could vary tremendously across examples, we model the labeling time and optimize the return on investment. We validate this idea by core-set selection on our large labeled dataset and by growing it with data from the wild.
Key facts. Cited by 28 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 8 Sep 2018.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 10; 2022: 10; 2023: 5; 2024: 2; 2025: 1.
28 papers.
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- 2021DatasetGAN: Efficient Labeled Data Factory with Minimal Human Effortcited by 264
- 2022BigDatasetGAN: Synthesizing ImageNet with Pixel-wise Annotationscited by 99
- 2021Semi-Supervised Active Learning with Temporal Output Discrepancycited by 50
- 2021Diminishing Uncertainty within the Training Pool: Active Learning for Medical Image Segmentationcited by 44
- 2022MONAI Label: A framework for AI-assisted Interactive Labeling of 3D Medical Imagescited by 38
- 2023A comprehensive survey on deep active learning in medical image analysiscited by 32
- 2021DSAL: Deeply Supervised Active Learning from Strong and Weak Labelers for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 27
- 2022Warm Start Active Learning with Proxy Labels & Selection via Semi-Supervised Fine-Tuningcited by 21
- 2021Boosting Active Learning via Improving Test Performancecited by 19
- 2021MCDAL: Maximum Classifier Discrepancy for Active Learningcited by 18
- 2021A Simple Baseline for Low-Budget Active Learningcited by 15
- 2022Deep Active Learning with Noise Stabilitycited by 13
16 more
- 2022HandsOff: Labeled Dataset Generation With No Additional Human Annotationscited by 9
- 2022Self-supervised Assisted Active Learning for Skin Lesion Segmentationcited by 7
- 2021CPRAL: Collaborative Panoptic-Regional Active Learning for Semantic Segmentationcited by 6
- 2021Towards General and Efficient Active Learningcited by 6
- 2023Data efficient deep learning for medical image analysis: A surveycited by 6
- 2024Bayesian Active Learning for Semantic Segmentationcited by 5
- 2023Learning to Explore Informative Trajectories and Samples for Embodied Perceptioncited by 3
- 2024Weakly Supervised Intracranial Hemorrhage Segmentation with YOLO and an Uncertainty Rectified Segment Anything Modelcited by 3
- 2021Active Learning to Classify Macromolecular Structures in situ for Less Supervision in Cryo-Electron Tomographycited by 2
- 2022Rapid model transfer for medical image segmentation via iterative human-in-the-loop update: from labelled public to unlabelled clinical datasets for multi-organ segmentation in CTcited by 2
- 2022Temporal Output Discrepancy for Loss Estimation-based Active Learningcited by 2
- 2022Accelerating the creation of instance segmentation training sets through bounding box annotationcited by 1
- 2022Core-set Selection Using Metrics-based Explanations (CSUME) for multiclass ECGcited by 1
- 2023Two-Step Active Learning for Instance Segmentation with Uncertainty and Diversity Samplingcited by 0
- 2023Aligning Data Selection with Performance: Performance-driven Reinforcement Learning for Active Learning in Object Detectioncited by 0
- 2025Boosting Active Learning with Knowledge Transfercited by 0
- 2025Boosting Active Learning with Knowledge Transfer19 Sep 2025
- 2024Bayesian Active Learning for Semantic Segmentation3 Aug 2024
- 2024Weakly Supervised Intracranial Hemorrhage Segmentation with YOLO and an Uncertainty Rectified Segment Anything Model29 Jul 2024
- 2023A comprehensive survey on deep active learning in medical image analysis22 Oct 2023
- 2023Aligning Data Selection with Performance: Performance-driven Reinforcement Learning for Active Learning in Object Detection12 Oct 2023
- 2023Data efficient deep learning for medical image analysis: A survey10 Oct 2023
- 2023Two-Step Active Learning for Instance Segmentation with Uncertainty and Diversity Sampling28 Sep 2023
- 2023Learning to Explore Informative Trajectories and Samples for Embodied Perception20 Mar 2023
- 2022HandsOff: Labeled Dataset Generation With No Additional Human Annotations24 Dec 2022
- 2022Temporal Output Discrepancy for Loss Estimation-based Active Learning20 Dec 2022
- 2022Warm Start Active Learning with Proxy Labels & Selection via Semi-Supervised Fine-Tuning13 Sep 2022
- 2022Core-set Selection Using Metrics-based Explanations (CSUME) for multiclass ECG28 May 2022
16 more
- 2022Deep Active Learning with Noise Stability26 May 2022
- 2022Accelerating the creation of instance segmentation training sets through bounding box annotation23 May 2022
- 2022Self-supervised Assisted Active Learning for Skin Lesion Segmentation14 May 2022
- 2022Rapid model transfer for medical image segmentation via iterative human-in-the-loop update: from labelled public to unlabelled clinical datasets for multi-organ segmentation in CT13 Apr 2022
- 2022MONAI Label: A framework for AI-assisted Interactive Labeling of 3D Medical Images23 Mar 2022
- 2022BigDatasetGAN: Synthesizing ImageNet with Pixel-wise Annotations12 Jan 2022
- 2021Towards General and Efficient Active Learning15 Dec 2021
- 2021CPRAL: Collaborative Panoptic-Regional Active Learning for Semantic Segmentation11 Dec 2021
- 2021Boosting Active Learning via Improving Test Performance10 Dec 2021
- 2021A Simple Baseline for Low-Budget Active Learning22 Oct 2021
- 2021Semi-Supervised Active Learning with Temporal Output Discrepancy29 Jul 2021
- 2021MCDAL: Maximum Classifier Discrepancy for Active Learning23 Jul 2021
- 2021DatasetGAN: Efficient Labeled Data Factory with Minimal Human Effort13 Apr 2021
- 2021Active Learning to Classify Macromolecular Structures in situ for Less Supervision in Cryo-Electron Tomography24 Feb 2021
- 2021DSAL: Deeply Supervised Active Learning from Strong and Weak Labelers for Biomedical Image Segmentation22 Jan 2021
- 2021Diminishing Uncertainty within the Training Pool: Active Learning for Medical Image Segmentation7 Jan 2021
- 2021DatasetGAN: Efficient Labeled Data Factory with Minimal Human Effortcited by 264
- 2022BigDatasetGAN: Synthesizing ImageNet with Pixel-wise Annotationscited by 99
- 2021Semi-Supervised Active Learning with Temporal Output Discrepancycited by 50
- 2021Diminishing Uncertainty within the Training Pool: Active Learning for Medical Image Segmentationcited by 44
- 2022MONAI Label: A framework for AI-assisted Interactive Labeling of 3D Medical Imagescited by 38
- 2023A comprehensive survey on deep active learning in medical image analysiscited by 32
- 2021DSAL: Deeply Supervised Active Learning from Strong and Weak Labelers for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 27
- 2022Warm Start Active Learning with Proxy Labels & Selection via Semi-Supervised Fine-Tuningcited by 21
- 2021Boosting Active Learning via Improving Test Performancecited by 19
- 2021MCDAL: Maximum Classifier Discrepancy for Active Learningcited by 18
- 2021A Simple Baseline for Low-Budget Active Learningcited by 15
- 2022Deep Active Learning with Noise Stabilitycited by 13
12 most cited of 28 All 28 (JSON)
- 2025Boosting Active Learning with Knowledge Transfer19 Sep 2025
- 2024Bayesian Active Learning for Semantic Segmentation3 Aug 2024
- 2024Weakly Supervised Intracranial Hemorrhage Segmentation with YOLO and an Uncertainty Rectified Segment Anything Model29 Jul 2024
- 2023A comprehensive survey on deep active learning in medical image analysis22 Oct 2023
- 2023Aligning Data Selection with Performance: Performance-driven Reinforcement Learning for Active Learning in Object Detection12 Oct 2023
- 2023Data efficient deep learning for medical image analysis: A survey10 Oct 2023
- 2023Two-Step Active Learning for Instance Segmentation with Uncertainty and Diversity Sampling28 Sep 2023
- 2023Learning to Explore Informative Trajectories and Samples for Embodied Perception20 Mar 2023
- 2022HandsOff: Labeled Dataset Generation With No Additional Human Annotations24 Dec 2022
- 2022Temporal Output Discrepancy for Loss Estimation-based Active Learning20 Dec 2022
- 2022Warm Start Active Learning with Proxy Labels & Selection via Semi-Supervised Fine-Tuning13 Sep 2022
- 2022Core-set Selection Using Metrics-based Explanations (CSUME) for multiclass ECG28 May 2022
12 newest of 28 All 28 (JSON)