Polite Dialogue Generation Without Parallel Data
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Abstract (arXiv)
Stylistic dialogue response generation, with valuable applications in personality-based conversational agents, is a challenging task because the response needs to be fluent, contextually-relevant, as well as paralinguistically accurate. Moreover, parallel datasets for regular-to-stylistic pairs are usually unavailable. We present three weakly-supervised models that can generate diverse polite (or rude) dialogue responses without parallel data. Our late fusion model (Fusion) merges the decoder of an encoder-attention-decoder dialogue model with a language model trained on stand-alone polite utterances. Our label-fine-tuning (LFT) model prepends to each source sequence a politeness-score scaled label (predicted by our state-of-the-art politeness classifier) during training, and at test time is able to generate polite, neutral, and rude responses by simply scaling the label embedding by the corresponding score. Our reinforcement learning model (Polite-RL) encourages politeness generation by assigning rewards proportional to the politeness classifier score of the sampled response. We also present two retrieval-based polite dialogue model baselines. Human evaluation validates that while the Fusion and the retrieval-based models achieve politeness with poorer context-relevance, the LFT and Polite-RL models can produce significantly more polite responses without sacrificing dialogue quality.
Key facts. Cited by 59 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 8 May 2018.
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Citing papers per year: 2020: 1; 2021: 17; 2022: 15; 2023: 13; 2024: 7; 2025: 3; 2026: 3.
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- 2025LLM-based Affective Text Generation Quality Based on Different Quantization Values31 Jan 2025
- 2024MOPO: Multi-Objective Prompt Optimization for Affective Text Generation17 Dec 2024
- 2024A Survey of Text Style Transfer: Applications and Ethical Implications23 Jul 2024
- 2024Computational Politeness in Natural Language Processing: A Survey28 Jun 2024
- 2024Evaluating the Smooth Control of Attribute Intensity in Text Generation with LLMs6 Jun 2024
- 2024DetoxLLM: A Framework for Detoxification with Explanations25 Feb 2024
- 2024Mitigating Object Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Models via Image-Grounded Guidance13 Feb 2024
38 more
- 2024Parameter-Efficient Detoxification with Contrastive Decoding13 Jan 2024
- 2023A Survey of Personality, Persona, and Profile in Conversational Agents and Chatbots31 Dec 2023
- 2023MIRACLE: Towards Personalized Dialogue Generation with Latent-Space Multiple Personal Attribute Control22 Oct 2023
- 2023Comparing Styles across Languages: A Cross-Cultural Exploration of Politeness11 Oct 2023
- 2023Are Personalized Stochastic Parrots More Dangerous? Evaluating Persona Biases in Dialogue Systems8 Oct 2023
- 2023Text Style Transfer Evaluation Using Large Language Models25 Aug 2023
- 2023Affective Natural Language Generation of Event Descriptions through Fine-grained Appraisal Conditions26 Jul 2023
- 2023Advancements in Scientific Controllable Text Generation Methods8 Jul 2023
- 2023How About Kind of Generating Hedges using End-to-End Neural Models?26 Jun 2023
- 2023A Call for Standardization and Validation of Text Style Transfer Evaluation1 Jun 2023
- 2023PIP: Parse-Instructed Prefix for Syntactically Controlled Paraphrase Generation26 May 2023
- 2023Safer Conversational AI as a Source of User Delight18 Apr 2023
- 2023Elastic Weight Removal for Faithful and Abstractive Dialogue Generation30 Mar 2023
- 2023Sequentially Controlled Text Generation5 Jan 2023
- 2022DialGuide: Aligning Dialogue Model Behavior with Developer Guidelines20 Dec 2022
- 2022T-STAR: Truthful Style Transfer using AMR Graph as Intermediate Representation3 Dec 2022
- 2022TyDiP: A Dataset for Politeness Classification in Nine Typologically Diverse Languages29 Nov 2022
- 2022Are Current Task-oriented Dialogue Systems Able to Satisfy Impolite Users?24 Oct 2022
- 2022Style Transfer as Data Augmentation: A Case Study on Named Entity Recognition14 Oct 2022
- 2022Unsupervised Neural Stylistic Text Generation using Transfer learning and Adapters7 Oct 2022
- 2022StoryTrans: Non-Parallel Story Author-Style Transfer with Discourse Representations and Content Enhancing29 Aug 2022
- 2022Why is constrained neural language generation particularly challenging?11 Jun 2022
- 2022Low Resource Style Transfer via Domain Adaptive Meta Learning25 May 2022
- 2022Learning from Bootstrapping and Stepwise Reinforcement Reward: A Semi-Supervised Framework for Text Style Transfer19 May 2022
- 2022Target-Guided Dialogue Response Generation Using Commonsense and Data Augmentation19 May 2022
- 2022Balancing Multi-Domain Corpora Learning for Open-Domain Response Generation5 May 2022
- 2022Persona-Guided Planning for Controlling the Protagonist's Persona in Story Generation22 Apr 2022
- 2022Stylized Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue Generation via Disentangled Template Rewriting12 Apr 2022
- 2022A Survey of Controllable Text Generation using Transformer-based Pre-trained Language Models14 Jan 2022
- 2021CheerBots: Chatbots toward Empathy and Emotionusing Reinforcement Learning8 Oct 2021
- 2021Transductive Learning for Unsupervised Text Style Transfer16 Sep 2021
- 2021Stylistic Retrieval-based Dialogue System with Unparallel Training Data12 Sep 2021
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- 2021Just Say No: Analyzing the Stance of Neural Dialogue Generation in Offensive Contexts26 Aug 2021
- 2021C5T5: Controllable Generation of Organic Molecules with Transformers23 Aug 2021
- 2021Controllable Summarization with Constrained Markov Decision Process7 Aug 2021
- 2021Increasing Faithfulness in Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue with Controllable Features14 Jul 2021
50 newest of 59 All 59 (JSON)
- 2020Learning to summarize from human feedbackcited by 2,588
- 2020Learning to summarize from human feedback2 Sep 2020
- 2021Causal Inference in Natural Language Processing: Estimation, Prediction, Interpretation and Beyondcited by 178
- 2022A Survey of Controllable Text Generation using Transformer-based Pre-trained Language Modelscited by 129
- 2021PsyQA: A Chinese Dataset for Generating Long Counseling Text for Mental Health Supportcited by 92
- 2021Increasing Faithfulness in Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue with Controllable Featurescited by 74
- 2021Just Say No: Analyzing the Stance of Neural Dialogue Generation in Offensive Contextscited by 56
- 2023Are Personalized Stochastic Parrots More Dangerous? Evaluating Persona Biases in Dialogue Systemscited by 37
- 2023Elastic Weight Removal for Faithful and Abstractive Dialogue Generationcited by 29
- 2021Focused Attention Improves Document-Grounded Generationcited by 24
- 2021Stylized Story Generation with Style-Guided Planningcited by 21
- 2022TyDiP: A Dataset for Politeness Classification in Nine Typologically Diverse Languagescited by 21
- 2022Why is constrained neural language generation particularly challenging?cited by 19
- 2024Parameter-Efficient Detoxification with Contrastive Decodingcited by 18
12 most cited of 57 All 57 (JSON)
- 2026Usage-Modulated Sentiment Representations in Large Language Models4 Oct 2026
- 2026ConvoDrift: A Multi-Turn Conversational Dataset for Modeling Stylistic Tone Evolution2 Oct 2026
- 2026Bridging the Usability Gap: Lessons from Interpreting Studies for Machine Interpreting Design14 Jun 2026
- 2025What's Taboo for You? - An Empirical Evaluation of LLMs Behavior Toward Sensitive Content31 Jul 2025
- 2025Implementing Long Text Style Transfer with LLMs through Dual-Layered Sentence and Paragraph Structure Extraction and Mapping11 May 2025
- 2025LLM-based Affective Text Generation Quality Based on Different Quantization Values31 Jan 2025
- 2024MOPO: Multi-Objective Prompt Optimization for Affective Text Generation17 Dec 2024
- 2024A Survey of Text Style Transfer: Applications and Ethical Implications23 Jul 2024
- 2024Computational Politeness in Natural Language Processing: A Survey28 Jun 2024
- 2024Evaluating the Smooth Control of Attribute Intensity in Text Generation with LLMs6 Jun 2024
- 2024DetoxLLM: A Framework for Detoxification with Explanations25 Feb 2024
- 2024Parameter-Efficient Detoxification with Contrastive Decoding13 Jan 2024
12 newest of 57 All 57 (JSON)