mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

ESPNet: Efficient Spatial Pyramid of Dilated Convolutions for Semantic Segmentation

arXiv 1803.06815 ↗First posted 19 Mar 2018cs.CVcited by 133

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Abstract (arXiv)

We introduce a fast and efficient convolutional neural network, ESPNet, for semantic segmentation of high resolution images under resource constraints. ESPNet is based on a new convolutional module, efficient spatial pyramid (ESP), which is efficient in terms of computation, memory, and power. ESPNet is 22 times faster (on a standard GPU) and 180 times smaller than the state-of-the-art semantic segmentation network PSPNet, while its category-wise accuracy is only 8% less. We evaluated ESPNet on a variety of semantic segmentation datasets including Cityscapes, PASCAL VOC, and a breast biopsy whole slide image dataset. Under the same constraints on memory and computation, ESPNet outperforms all the current efficient CNN networks such as MobileNet, ShuffleNet, and ENet on both standard metrics and our newly introduced performance metrics that measure efficiency on edge devices. Our network can process high resolution images at a rate of 112 and 9 frames per second on a standard GPU and edge device, respectively.

Key facts. Cited by 133 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 19 Mar 2018.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 40; 2022: 27; 2023: 23; 2024: 23; 2025: 12; 2026: 8.

133 papers.

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  1. 2021MobileViT: Light-weight, General-purpose, and Mobile-friendly Vision Transformercited by 642
  2. 2022SegNeXt: Rethinking Convolutional Attention Design for Semantic Segmentationcited by 252
  3. 2022Rethinking Semantic Segmentation: A Prototype Viewcited by 140
  4. 2022Cross-Image Relational Knowledge Distillation for Semantic Segmentationcited by 118
  5. 2021Deep Dual-resolution Networks for Real-time and Accurate Semantic Segmentation of Road Scenescited by 89
  6. 2022GMMSeg: Gaussian Mixture based Generative Semantic Segmentation Modelscited by 87
  7. 2021FaPN: Feature-aligned Pyramid Network for Dense Image Predictioncited by 81
  8. 2022Representation Compensation Networks for Continual Semantic Segmentationcited by 72
  9. 2021EPMF: Efficient Perception-aware Multi-sensor Fusion for 3D Semantic Segmentationcited by 59
  10. 2021Capturing Omni-Range Context for Omnidirectional Segmentationcited by 50
  11. 2021Efficient Medical Image Segmentation Based on Knowledge Distillationcited by 43
  12. 2023CaraNet: Context Axial Reverse Attention Network for Segmentation of Small Medical Objectscited by 43
38 more
  1. 2023EdgeSAM: Prompt-In-the-Loop Distillation for SAMcited by 41
  2. 2023You Only Segment Once: Towards Real-Time Panoptic Segmentationcited by 40
  3. 2023SwinMM: Masked Multi-view with Swin Transformers for 3D Medical Image Segmentationcited by 35
  4. 2022PP-LiteSeg: A Superior Real-Time Semantic Segmentation Modelcited by 33
  5. 2021Semi-Supervised Video Deraining with Dynamical Rain Generatorcited by 31
  6. 2022Mining Unseen Classes via Regional Objectness: A Simple Baseline for Incremental Segmentationcited by 28
  7. 2021Dynamic Fusion Module Evolves Drivable Area and Road Anomaly Detection: A Benchmark and Algorithmscited by 23
  8. 2021Cross-Dataset Collaborative Learning for Semantic Segmentation in Autonomous Drivingcited by 23
  9. 2021Double Similarity Distillation for Semantic Image Segmentationcited by 19
  10. 2021Multi-Exit Semantic Segmentation Networkscited by 18
  11. 2024Mamba or RWKV: Exploring High-Quality and High-Efficiency Segment Anything Modelcited by 18
  12. 2021Scale-invariant scale-channel networks: Deep networks that generalise to previously unseen scalescited by 17
  13. 2021FBSNet: A Fast Bilateral Symmetrical Network for Real-Time Semantic Segmentationcited by 17
  14. 2022TransKD: Transformer Knowledge Distillation for Efficient Semantic Segmentationcited by 17
  15. 2023Towards Diverse Binary Segmentation via A Simple yet General Gated Networkcited by 17
  16. 2022Distilling Inter-Class Distance for Semantic Segmentationcited by 16
  17. 2021Tackling Catastrophic Forgetting and Background Shift in Continual Semantic Segmentationcited by 15
  18. 2021Graph Attention Layer Evolves Semantic Segmentation for Road Pothole Detection: A Benchmark and Algorithmscited by 15
  19. 2022Stage-Aware Feature Alignment Network for Real-Time Semantic Segmentation of Street Scenescited by 15
  20. 2023BPKD: Boundary Privileged Knowledge Distillation For Semantic Segmentationcited by 15
  21. 2021CFPNet: Channel-wise Feature Pyramid for Real-Time Semantic Segmentationcited by 14
  22. 2021MSCFNet: A Lightweight Network With Multi-Scale Context Fusion for Real-Time Semantic Segmentationcited by 14
  23. 2022A Guide to Image and Video based Small Object Detection using Deep Learning : Case Study of Maritime Surveillancecited by 14
  24. 2022FAKD: Feature Augmented Knowledge Distillation for Semantic Segmentationcited by 14
  25. 2023Computation-efficient Deep Learning for Computer Vision: A Surveycited by 14
  26. 2023TwinLiteNet: An Efficient and Lightweight Model for Driveable Area and Lane Segmentation in Self-Driving Carscited by 13
  27. 2023Lightweight Real-time Semantic Segmentation Network with Efficient Transformer and CNNcited by 12
  28. 2024Clustering Propagation for Universal Medical Image Segmentationcited by 12
  29. 2021Rethinking Semantic Segmentation Evaluation for Explainability and Model Selectioncited by 11
  30. 2021GSVNet: Guided Spatially-Varying Convolution for Fast Semantic Segmentation on Videocited by 11
  31. 2021CFPNet-M: A Light-Weight Encoder-Decoder Based Network for Multimodal Biomedical Image Real-Time Segmentationcited by 11
  32. 2022SFNet: Faster and Accurate Semantic Segmentation via Semantic Flowcited by 10
  33. 2023Survey on video anomaly detection in dynamic scenes with moving camerascited by 10
  34. 2024Development of Skip Connection in Deep Neural Networks for Computer Vision and Medical Image Analysis: A Surveycited by 10
  35. 2022Efficient High-Resolution Deep Learning: A Surveycited by 9
  36. 2023Efficient Semantic Segmentation by Altering Resolutions for Compressed Videoscited by 8
  37. 2024GOV-NeSF: Generalizable Open-Vocabulary Neural Semantic Fieldscited by 8
  38. 2021Semantic Scene Segmentation for Robotics Applicationscited by 7

50 most cited of 133 All 133 (JSON)