mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Cross-modality image synthesis from unpaired data using CycleGAN: Effects of gradient consistency loss and training data size

arXiv 1803.06629 ↗First posted 18 Mar 2018cs.CVcited by 42

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Abstract (arXiv)

CT is commonly used in orthopedic procedures. MRI is used along with CT to identify muscle structures and diagnose osteonecrosis due to its superior soft tissue contrast. However, MRI has poor contrast for bone structures. Clearly, it would be helpful if a corresponding CT were available, as bone boundaries are more clearly seen and CT has standardized (i.e., Hounsfield) units. Therefore, we aim at MR-to-CT synthesis. The CycleGAN was successfully applied to unpaired CT and MR images of the head, these images do not have as much variation of intensity pairs as do images in the pelvic region due to the presence of joints and muscles. In this paper, we extended the CycleGAN approach by adding the gradient consistency loss to improve the accuracy at the boundaries. We conducted two experiments. To evaluate image synthesis, we investigated dependency of image synthesis accuracy on 1) the number of training data and 2) the gradient consistency loss. To demonstrate the applicability of our method, we also investigated a segmentation accuracy on synthesized images.

Key facts. Cited by 42 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 18 Mar 2018.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 5; 2022: 12; 2023: 10; 2024: 6; 2025: 7; 2026: 2.

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  1. 2022Unsupervised Medical Image Translation with Adversarial Diffusion Modelscited by 192
  2. 2021ResViT: Residual vision transformers for multi-modal medical image synthesiscited by 177
  3. 2022Conversion Between CT and MRI Images Using Diffusion and Score-Matching Modelscited by 69
  4. 2021Learning Disentangled Representations in the Imaging Domaincited by 46
  5. 2023Federated Domain Generalization: A Surveycited by 25
  6. 2024Has Multimodal Learning Delivered Universal Intelligence in Healthcare? A Comprehensive Surveycited by 20
  7. 20243DGS-ReLoc: 3D Gaussian Splatting for Map Representation and Visual ReLocalizationcited by 15
  8. 2025Beyond the LUMIR challenge: The pathway to foundational registration modelscited by 12
  9. 2024HGSLoc: 3DGS-based Heuristic Camera Pose Refinementcited by 8
  10. 2022Cross-Modality Neuroimage Synthesis: A Surveycited by 7
  11. 2022DC-cycleGAN: Bidirectional CT-to-MR Synthesis from Unpaired Datacited by 6
  12. 2023Zero-shot-Learning Cross-Modality Data Translation Through Mutual Information Guided Stochastic Diffusioncited by 6
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  1. 2022Deformation equivariant cross-modality image synthesis with paired non-aligned training datacited by 5
  2. 2022Segmentation-guided Domain Adaptation and Data Harmonization of Multi-device Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography using Cycle-Consistent Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 5
  3. 2021Unsupervised-learning-based method for chest MRI-CT transformation using structure constrained unsupervised generative attention networkscited by 4
  4. 2023Energy-Guided Diffusion Model for CBCT-to-CT Synthesiscited by 4
  5. 2023MSKdeX: Musculoskeletal (MSK) decomposition from an X-ray image for fine-grained estimation of lean muscle mass and muscle volumecited by 3
  6. 2023Bone mineral density estimation from a plain X-ray image by learning decomposition into projections of bone-segmented computed tomographycited by 3
  7. 2021CNNs and GANs in MRI-based cross-modality medical image estimationcited by 2
  8. 2022Unsupervised Single-shot Depth Estimation using Perceptual Reconstructioncited by 2
  9. 2022Unsupervised Joint Image Transfer and Uncertainty Quantification Using Patch Invariant Networkscited by 2
  10. 2025From Traditional to Deep Learning Approaches in Whole Slide Image Registration: A Methodological Reviewcited by 2
  11. 2022Realistic Endoscopic Image Generation Method Using Virtual-to-real Image-domain Translationcited by 1
  12. 2022Image translation of Ultrasound to Pseudo Anatomical Display by CycleGANcited by 1
  13. 2022A Deep Generative Model of Neonatal Cortical Surface Developmentcited by 1
  14. 2022Longitudinal Prediction of Postnatal Brain Magnetic Resonance Images via a Metamorphic Generative Adversarial Networkcited by 1
  15. 2024Utilizing Generative Adversarial Networks for Image Data Augmentation and Classification of Semiconductor Wafer Dicing Induced Defectscited by 1
  16. 2024Structure-Guided MR-to-CT Synthesis with Spatial and Semantic Alignments for Attenuation Correction of Whole-Body PET/MR Imagingcited by 1
  17. 2025MCR-VQGAN: A Scalable and Cost-Effective Tau PET Synthesis Approach for Alzheimer's Disease Imagingcited by 1
  18. 2021Unpaired Single-Image Depth Synthesis with cycle-consistent Wasserstein GANscited by 0
  19. 2023Exploring the Power of Generative Deep Learning for Image-to-Image Translation and MRI Reconstruction: A Cross-Domain Reviewcited by 0
  20. 2023Two-stage MR Image Segmentation Method for Brain Tumors based on Attention Mechanismcited by 0
  21. 2023XVertNet: Unsupervised Contrast Enhancement of Vertebral Structures with Dynamic Self-Tuning Guidance and Multi-Stage Analysiscited by 0
  22. 2023Domain Transfer Through Image-to-Image Translation for Uncertainty-Aware Prostate Cancer Classificationcited by 0
  23. 2023CycleGAN Models for MRI Image Translationcited by 0
  24. 2024Fine-Tuning TransMorph with Gradient Correlation for Anatomical Alignmentcited by 0
  25. 2025SCFANet: Style Distribution Constraint Feature Alignment Network For Pathological Staining Translationcited by 0
  26. 2025HepatoGEN: Generating Hepatobiliary Phase MRI with Perceptual and Adversarial Modelscited by 0
  27. 2025Human-Guided Shade Artifact Suppression in CBCT-to-MDCT Translation via Schr"odinger Bridge with Conditional Diffusioncited by 0
  28. 2025Hallucinations in medical devicescited by 0
  29. 2026Do We Really Need Diffusion? A Fast U-Net for Paired Medical Image Translationcited by 0
  30. 2026XCalib Depth-Guided Geometric Optimization for Dense Thermal-Visible Video Registrationcited by 0