Findings of the Second Shared Task on Multimodal Machine Translation and Multilingual Image Description
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Abstract (arXiv)
We present the results from the second shared task on multimodal machine translation and multilingual image description. Nine teams submitted 19 systems to two tasks. The multimodal translation task, in which the source sentence is supplemented by an image, was extended with a new language (French) and two new test sets. The multilingual image description task was changed such that at test time, only the image is given. Compared to last year, multimodal systems improved, but text-only systems remain competitive.
Key facts. Cited by 76 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 19 Oct 2017.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 22; 2022: 21; 2023: 14; 2024: 8; 2025: 8; 2026: 3.
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- 2021Scaling Up Visual and Vision-Language Representation Learning With Noisy Text Supervisioncited by 3,864
- 2021WIT: Wikipedia-based Image Text Dataset for Multimodal Multilingual Machine Learningcited by 287
- 2022Crossmodal-3600: A Massively Multilingual Multimodal Evaluation Datasetcited by 100
- 2021UC2: Universal Cross-lingual Cross-modal Vision-and-Language Pre-trainingcited by 64
- 2022IGLUE: A Benchmark for Transfer Learning across Modalities, Tasks, and Languagescited by 54
- 2021LightningDOT: Pre-training Visual-Semantic Embeddings for Real-Time Image-Text Retrievalcited by 44
- 2021Good for Misconceived Reasons: An Empirical Revisiting on the Need for Visual Context in Multimodal Machine Translationcited by 44
- 2021MURAL: Multimodal, Multitask Retrieval Across Languagescited by 44
- 2023Language Model Alignment with Elastic Resetcited by 34
- 2022On Vision Features in Multimodal Machine Translationcited by 31
- 2021Retrieve Fast, Rerank Smart: Cooperative and Joint Approaches for Improved Cross-Modal Retrievalcited by 28
- 2022Bloom Library: Multimodal Datasets in 300+ Languages for a Variety of Downstream Taskscited by 28
38 more
- 2022VALHALLA: Visual Hallucination for Machine Translationcited by 27
- 2021A Survey on Multi-modal Summarizationcited by 26
- 2022Tackling Ambiguity with Images: Improved Multimodal Machine Translation and Contrastive Evaluationcited by 26
- 2021Vision Matters When It Should: Sanity Checking Multimodal Machine Translation Modelscited by 21
- 2022LVP-M3: Language-aware Visual Prompt for Multilingual Multimodal Machine Translationcited by 21
- 2021GEM: A General Evaluation Benchmark for Multimodal Taskscited by 16
- 2021Guiding Visual Question Generationcited by 14
- 2022Distill the Image to Nowhere: Inversion Knowledge Distillation for Multimodal Machine Translationcited by 13
- 2022VISA: An Ambiguous Subtitles Dataset for Visual Scene-Aware Machine Translationcited by 11
- 2023Babel-ImageNet: Massively Multilingual Evaluation of Vision-and-Language Representationscited by 11
- 2021MultiSubs: A Large-scale Multimodal and Multilingual Datasetcited by 10
- 2021Maximum Likelihood Estimation for Multimodal Learning with Missing Modalitycited by 10
- 2021Product-oriented Machine Translation with Cross-modal Cross-lingual Pre-trainingcited by 10
- 2022MaXM: Towards Multilingual Visual Question Answeringcited by 9
- 2023BIG-C: a Multimodal Multi-Purpose Dataset for Bembacited by 9
- 2023Translation-Enhanced Multilingual Text-to-Image Generationcited by 9
- 2024mOSCAR: A Large-scale Multilingual and Multimodal Document-level Corpuscited by 9
- 2022Delving Deeper into Cross-lingual Visual Question Answeringcited by 8
- 2021Exploiting Multimodal Reinforcement Learning for Simultaneous Machine Translationcited by 7
- 2021Visual Grounding Strategies for Text-Only Natural Language Processingcited by 7
- 2022ERNIE-UniX2: A Unified Cross-lingual Cross-modal Framework for Understanding and Generationcited by 7
- 2024Can visual language models resolve textual ambiguity with visual cues? Let visual puns tell you!cited by 7
- 2023Bridging the Gap between Synthetic and Authentic Images for Multimodal Machine Translationcited by 6
- 2024A Survey on Multi-modal Machine Translation: Tasks, Methods and Challengescited by 6
- 2021ViTA: Visual-Linguistic Translation by Aligning Object Tagscited by 5
- 2023PR-MCS: Perturbation Robust Metric for MultiLingual Image Captioningcited by 5
- 2021Towards Zero-shot Cross-lingual Image Retrieval and Taggingcited by 4
- 2022Flow-Adapter Architecture for Unsupervised Machine Translationcited by 4
- 2022Multimodal Neural Machine Translation with Search Engine Based Image Retrievalcited by 4
- 2025MultiScript30k: Leveraging Multilingual Embeddings to Extend Cross Script Parallel Datacited by 4
- 2022GLAMI-1M: A Multilingual Image-Text Fashion Datasetcited by 3
- 2023Incorporating Probing Signals into Multimodal Machine Translation via Visual Question-Answering Pairscited by 3
- 2023Video-Helpful Multimodal Machine Translationcited by 3
- 2024Towards Zero-Shot Multimodal Machine Translationcited by 3
- 2021Visual Cues and Error Correction for Translation Robustnesscited by 2
- 2021Training Heterogeneous Features in Sequence to Sequence Tasks: Latent Enhanced Multi-filter Seq2Seq Modelcited by 2
- 2022Supervised Visual Attention for Simultaneous Multimodal Machine Translationcited by 2
- 2022EMMT: A simultaneous eye-tracking, 4-electrode EEG and audio corpus for multi-modal reading and translation scenarioscited by 2
50 most cited of 76 All 76 (JSON)
- 2026Improving Visual Sensitivity of LLMs on Multimodal Machine Translation with Metric-based Loss Weighting25 Sep 2026
- 2026Bridging the Usability Gap: Lessons from Interpreting Studies for Machine Interpreting Design14 Jun 2026
- 2026Multilingual-To-Multimodal (M2M): Unlocking New Languages with Monolingual Text15 Jan 2026
- 2025MultiScript30k: Leveraging Multilingual Embeddings to Extend Cross Script Parallel Data11 Dec 2025
- 2025OmniFusion: Simultaneous Multilingual Multimodal Translations via Modular Fusion28 Nov 2025
- 2025Multilingual Vision-Language Models, A Survey26 Sep 2025
- 2025GIIFT: Graph-guided Inductive Image-free Multimodal Machine Translation24 Jul 2025
- 2025Dual-branch Prompting for Multimodal Machine Translation23 Jul 2025
- 2025ConECT Dataset: Overcoming Data Scarcity in Context-Aware E-Commerce MT5 Jun 2025
- 2025TopicVD: A Topic-Based Dataset of Video-Guided Multimodal Machine Translation for Documentaries9 May 2025
- 2025Scaling Laws for Conditional Emergence of Multilingual Image Captioning via Generalization from Translation12 Mar 2025
- 2024Can visual language models resolve textual ambiguity with visual cues? Let visual puns tell you!1 Oct 2024
38 more
- 2024Towards Zero-Shot Multimodal Machine Translation18 Jul 2024
- 2024Mitigating Translationese in Low-resource Languages: The Storyboard Approach14 Jul 2024
- 2024mOSCAR: A Large-scale Multilingual and Multimodal Document-level Corpus13 Jun 2024
- 2024Image captioning in different languages31 May 2024
- 2024A Survey on Multi-modal Machine Translation: Tasks, Methods and Challenges21 May 2024
- 2024Relay Decoding: Concatenating Large Language Models for Machine Translation5 May 2024
- 2024Exploring the Necessity of Visual Modality in Multimodal Machine Translation using Authentic Datasets9 Apr 2024
- 2023Language Model Alignment with Elastic Reset6 Dec 2023
- 2023Video-Helpful Multimodal Machine Translation31 Oct 2023
- 2023Incorporating Probing Signals into Multimodal Machine Translation via Visual Question-Answering Pairs26 Oct 2023
- 2023Bridging the Gap between Synthetic and Authentic Images for Multimodal Machine Translation20 Oct 2023
- 2023Visual Question Generation in Bengali12 Oct 2023
- 2023Augmenters at SemEval-2023 Task 1: Enhancing CLIP in Handling Compositionality and Ambiguity for Zero-Shot Visual WSD through Prompt Augmentation and Text-To-Image Diffusion9 Jul 2023
- 2023Babel-ImageNet: Massively Multilingual Evaluation of Vision-and-Language Representations14 Jun 2023
- 2023A Survey of Vision-Language Pre-training from the Lens of Multimodal Machine Translation12 Jun 2023
- 2023Translation-Enhanced Multilingual Text-to-Image Generation30 May 2023
- 2023BIG-C: a Multimodal Multi-Purpose Dataset for Bemba26 May 2023
- 2023On the Copying Problem of Unsupervised NMT: A Training Schedule with a Language Discriminator Loss26 May 2023
- 2023Parameter-Efficient Cross-lingual Transfer of Vision and Language Models via Translation-based Alignment2 May 2023
- 2023PR-MCS: Perturbation Robust Metric for MultiLingual Image Captioning15 Mar 2023
- 2023Generalization algorithm of multimodal pre-training model based on graph-text self-supervised training16 Feb 2023
- 2022Tackling Ambiguity with Images: Improved Multimodal Machine Translation and Contrastive Evaluation20 Dec 2022
- 2022GLAMI-1M: A Multilingual Image-Text Fashion Dataset17 Nov 2022
- 2022ERNIE-UniX2: A Unified Cross-lingual Cross-modal Framework for Understanding and Generation9 Nov 2022
- 2022Multilingual Multimodality: A Taxonomical Survey of Datasets, Techniques, Challenges and Opportunities30 Oct 2022
- 2022Bloom Library: Multimodal Datasets in 300+ Languages for a Variety of Downstream Tasks26 Oct 2022
- 2022LVP-M3: Language-aware Visual Prompt for Multilingual Multimodal Machine Translation19 Oct 2022
- 2022Sentence Ambiguity, Grammaticality and Complexity Probes13 Oct 2022
- 2022Distill the Image to Nowhere: Inversion Knowledge Distillation for Multimodal Machine Translation10 Oct 2022
- 2022MaXM: Towards Multilingual Visual Question Answering12 Sep 2022
- 2022Multimodal Neural Machine Translation with Search Engine Based Image Retrieval26 Jul 2022
- 2022VALHALLA: Visual Hallucination for Machine Translation31 May 2022
- 2022Crossmodal-3600: A Massively Multilingual Multimodal Evaluation Dataset25 May 2022
- 2022Utilizing Language-Image Pretraining for Efficient and Robust Bilingual Word Alignment23 May 2022
- 2022The Case for Perspective in Multimodal Datasets22 May 2022
- 2022Flow-Adapter Architecture for Unsupervised Machine Translation26 Apr 2022
- 2022EMMT: A simultaneous eye-tracking, 4-electrode EEG and audio corpus for multi-modal reading and translation scenarios6 Apr 2022
- 2022On Vision Features in Multimodal Machine Translation17 Mar 2022
50 newest of 76 All 76 (JSON)
- 2024mOSCAR: A Large-scale Multilingual and Multimodal Document-level Corpuscited by 9
- 2022ERNIE-UniX2: A Unified Cross-lingual Cross-modal Framework for Understanding and Generationcited by 7
- 2024Can visual language models resolve textual ambiguity with visual cues? Let visual puns tell you!cited by 7
- 2023A Survey of Vision-Language Pre-training from the Lens of Multimodal Machine Translationcited by 2
- 2025Multilingual Vision-Language Models, A Surveycited by 1
- 2025Scaling Laws for Conditional Emergence of Multilingual Image Captioning via Generalization from Translationcited by 0
- 2025Multilingual Vision-Language Models, A Survey26 Sep 2025
- 2025Scaling Laws for Conditional Emergence of Multilingual Image Captioning via Generalization from Translation12 Mar 2025
- 2024Can visual language models resolve textual ambiguity with visual cues? Let visual puns tell you!1 Oct 2024
- 2024mOSCAR: A Large-scale Multilingual and Multimodal Document-level Corpus13 Jun 2024
- 2023A Survey of Vision-Language Pre-training from the Lens of Multimodal Machine Translation12 Jun 2023
- 2022ERNIE-UniX2: A Unified Cross-lingual Cross-modal Framework for Understanding and Generation9 Nov 2022
- 2023Language Model Alignment with Elastic Resetcited by 34
- 2023Language Model Alignment with Elastic Reset6 Dec 2023
- 2021Scaling Up Visual and Vision-Language Representation Learning With Noisy Text Supervisioncited by 3,864
- 2021WIT: Wikipedia-based Image Text Dataset for Multimodal Multilingual Machine Learningcited by 287
- 2022Crossmodal-3600: A Massively Multilingual Multimodal Evaluation Datasetcited by 100
- 2021UC2: Universal Cross-lingual Cross-modal Vision-and-Language Pre-trainingcited by 64
- 2022IGLUE: A Benchmark for Transfer Learning across Modalities, Tasks, and Languagescited by 54
- 2021LightningDOT: Pre-training Visual-Semantic Embeddings for Real-Time Image-Text Retrievalcited by 44
- 2021Good for Misconceived Reasons: An Empirical Revisiting on the Need for Visual Context in Multimodal Machine Translationcited by 44
- 2021MURAL: Multimodal, Multitask Retrieval Across Languagescited by 44
- 2022On Vision Features in Multimodal Machine Translationcited by 31
- 2021Retrieve Fast, Rerank Smart: Cooperative and Joint Approaches for Improved Cross-Modal Retrievalcited by 28
- 2022Bloom Library: Multimodal Datasets in 300+ Languages for a Variety of Downstream Taskscited by 28
- 2022VALHALLA: Visual Hallucination for Machine Translationcited by 27
12 most cited of 67 All 67 (JSON)
- 2026Improving Visual Sensitivity of LLMs on Multimodal Machine Translation with Metric-based Loss Weighting25 Sep 2026
- 2026Bridging the Usability Gap: Lessons from Interpreting Studies for Machine Interpreting Design14 Jun 2026
- 2026Multilingual-To-Multimodal (M2M): Unlocking New Languages with Monolingual Text15 Jan 2026
- 2025MultiScript30k: Leveraging Multilingual Embeddings to Extend Cross Script Parallel Data11 Dec 2025
- 2025OmniFusion: Simultaneous Multilingual Multimodal Translations via Modular Fusion28 Nov 2025
- 2025GIIFT: Graph-guided Inductive Image-free Multimodal Machine Translation24 Jul 2025
- 2025Dual-branch Prompting for Multimodal Machine Translation23 Jul 2025
- 2025ConECT Dataset: Overcoming Data Scarcity in Context-Aware E-Commerce MT5 Jun 2025
- 2025TopicVD: A Topic-Based Dataset of Video-Guided Multimodal Machine Translation for Documentaries9 May 2025
- 2024Towards Zero-Shot Multimodal Machine Translation18 Jul 2024
- 2024Mitigating Translationese in Low-resource Languages: The Storyboard Approach14 Jul 2024
- 2024Image captioning in different languages31 May 2024
12 newest of 67 All 67 (JSON)