CloudScan - A configuration-free invoice analysis system using recurrent neural networks
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Abstract (arXiv)
We present CloudScan; an invoice analysis system that requires zero configuration or upfront annotation. In contrast to previous work, CloudScan does not rely on templates of invoice layout, instead it learns a single global model of invoices that naturally generalizes to unseen invoice layouts. The model is trained using data automatically extracted from end-user provided feedback. This automatic training data extraction removes the requirement for users to annotate the data precisely. We describe a recurrent neural network model that can capture long range context and compare it to a baseline logistic regression model corresponding to the current CloudScan production system. We train and evaluate the system on 8 important fields using a dataset of 326,471 invoices. The recurrent neural network and baseline model achieve 0.891 and 0.887 average F1 scores respectively on seen invoice layouts. For the harder task of unseen invoice layouts, the recurrent neural network model outperforms the baseline with 0.840 average F1 compared to 0.788.
Key facts. Cited by 33 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 24 Aug 2017.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 11; 2022: 6; 2023: 8; 2024: 4; 2025: 2; 2026: 2.
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- 2026Enhancing Large Multimodal Models in Key Information Extraction via Scene-Aware Document Synthesis6 Jul 2026
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- 2025Information Extraction from Visually Rich Documents using LLM-based Organization of Documents into Independent Textual Segments18 May 2025
- 2025An agentic system with reinforcement-learned subsystem improvements for parsing form-like documents16 May 2025
- 2024Deep Learning based Key Information Extraction from Business Documents: Systematic Literature Review23 Jul 2024
- 2024VRDSynth: Synthesizing Programs for Multilingual Visually Rich Document Information Extraction9 Jul 2024
- 2024XFormParser: A Simple and Effective Multimodal Multilingual Semi-structured Form Parser27 May 2024
- 2024ExTTNet: A Deep Learning Algorithm for Extracting Table Texts from Invoice Images3 Feb 2024
- 2023LMDX: Language Model-based Document Information Extraction and Localization19 Sep 2023
- 2023AMuRD: Annotated Arabic-English Receipt Dataset for Key Information Extraction and Classification18 Sep 2023
- 2023Improving Information Extraction on Business Documents with Specific Pre-Training Tasks11 Sep 2023
- 2023TransDocAnalyser: A Framework for Offline Semi-structured Handwritten Document Analysis in the Legal Domain3 Jun 2023
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- 2023DocILE 2023 Teaser: Document Information Localization and Extraction29 Jan 2023
- 2023End-to-End Page-Level Assessment of Handwritten Text Recognition14 Jan 2023
- 2022QueryForm: A Simple Zero-shot Form Entity Query Framework14 Nov 2022
- 2022Information Extraction from Scanned Invoice Images using Text Analysis and Layout Features8 Aug 2022
- 2022TRIE++: Towards End-to-End Information Extraction from Visually Rich Documents14 Jul 2022
- 2022GMN: Generative Multi-modal Network for Practical Document Information Extraction11 Jul 2022
- 2022Business Document Information Extraction: Towards Practical Benchmarks20 Jun 2022
- 2022FormNet: Structural Encoding beyond Sequential Modeling in Form Document Information Extraction16 Mar 2022
- 2021Using Neighborhood Context to Improve Information Extraction from Visual Documents Captured on Mobile Phones23 Aug 2021
- 2021MMOCR: A Comprehensive Toolbox for Text Detection, Recognition and Understanding14 Aug 2021
- 2021Zero-shot Task Transfer for Invoice Extraction via Class-aware QA Ensemble13 Aug 2021
- 2021StrucTexT: Structured Text Understanding with Multi-Modal Transformers6 Aug 2021
- 2021ROPE: Reading Order Equivariant Positional Encoding for Graph-based Document Information Extraction21 Jun 2021
- 2021End-to-End Hierarchical Relation Extraction for Generic Form Understanding2 Jun 2021
- 2021ViBERTgrid: A Jointly Trained Multi-Modal 2D Document Representation for Key Information Extraction from Documents25 May 2021
- 2021Kleister: Key Information Extraction Datasets Involving Long Documents with Complex Layouts12 May 2021
- 2021Cost-effective End-to-end Information Extraction for Semi-structured Document Images16 Apr 2021
- 2021Spatial Dual-Modality Graph Reasoning for Key Information Extraction26 Mar 2021
- 2021Going Full-TILT Boogie on Document Understanding with Text-Image-Layout Transformer18 Feb 2021
- 2021Going Full-TILT Boogie on Document Understanding with Text-Image-Layout Transformercited by 134
- 2021StrucTexT: Structured Text Understanding with Multi-Modal Transformerscited by 90
- 2021Kleister: Key Information Extraction Datasets Involving Long Documents with Complex Layoutscited by 82
- 2022FormNet: Structural Encoding beyond Sequential Modeling in Form Document Information Extractioncited by 64
- 2021Spatial Dual-Modality Graph Reasoning for Key Information Extractioncited by 43
- 2021MMOCR: A Comprehensive Toolbox for Text Detection, Recognition and Understandingcited by 40
- 2023LMDX: Language Model-based Document Information Extraction and Localizationcited by 37
- 2021ViBERTgrid: A Jointly Trained Multi-Modal 2D Document Representation for Key Information Extraction from Documentscited by 29
- 2021ROPE: Reading Order Equivariant Positional Encoding for Graph-based Document Information Extractioncited by 22
- 2023FormNetV2: Multimodal Graph Contrastive Learning for Form Document Information Extractioncited by 20
- 2023DocParser: End-to-end OCR-free Information Extraction from Visually Rich Documentscited by 19
- 2021Cost-effective End-to-end Information Extraction for Semi-structured Document Imagescited by 14
12 most cited of 30 All 30 (JSON)
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- 2024VRDSynth: Synthesizing Programs for Multilingual Visually Rich Document Information Extraction9 Jul 2024
- 2024XFormParser: A Simple and Effective Multimodal Multilingual Semi-structured Form Parser27 May 2024
- 2024ExTTNet: A Deep Learning Algorithm for Extracting Table Texts from Invoice Images3 Feb 2024
- 2023LMDX: Language Model-based Document Information Extraction and Localization19 Sep 2023
- 2023AMuRD: Annotated Arabic-English Receipt Dataset for Key Information Extraction and Classification18 Sep 2023
- 2023Improving Information Extraction on Business Documents with Specific Pre-Training Tasks11 Sep 2023
- 2023TransDocAnalyser: A Framework for Offline Semi-structured Handwritten Document Analysis in the Legal Domain3 Jun 2023
- 2023FormNetV2: Multimodal Graph Contrastive Learning for Form Document Information Extraction4 May 2023
- 2023DocParser: End-to-end OCR-free Information Extraction from Visually Rich Documents24 Apr 2023
- 2023DocILE 2023 Teaser: Document Information Localization and Extraction29 Jan 2023
12 newest of 30 All 30 (JSON)