VBPR: Visual Bayesian Personalized Ranking from Implicit Feedback
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Abstract (arXiv)
Modern recommender systems model people and items by discovering or `teasing apart' the underlying dimensions that encode the properties of items and users' preferences toward them. Critically, such dimensions are uncovered based on user feedback, often in implicit form (such as purchase histories, browsing logs, etc.); in addition, some recommender systems make use of side information, such as product attributes, temporal information, or review text. However one important feature that is typically ignored by existing personalized recommendation and ranking methods is the visual appearance of the items being considered. In this paper we propose a scalable factorization model to incorporate visual signals into predictors of people's opinions, which we apply to a selection of large, real-world datasets. We make use of visual features extracted from product images using (pre-trained) deep networks, on top of which we learn an additional layer that uncovers the visual dimensions that best explain the variation in people's feedback. This not only leads to significantly more accurate personalized ranking methods, but also helps to alleviate cold start issues, and qualitatively to analyze the visual dimensions that influence people's opinions.
Key facts. Cited by 151 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 6 Oct 2015.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 16; 2022: 13; 2023: 21; 2024: 25; 2025: 38; 2026: 38.
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- 2021Mining Latent Structures for Multimedia Recommendationcited by 79
- 2021A Survey on Accuracy-oriented Neural Recommendation: From Collaborative Filtering to Information-rich Recommendationcited by 59
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- 2022CARCA: Context and Attribute-Aware Next-Item Recommendation via Cross-Attentioncited by 22
- 2024DiffMM: Multi-Modal Diffusion Model for Recommendationcited by 21
- 2024AlignRec: Aligning and Training in Multimodal Recommendationscited by 20
- 2021Latent Structure Mining with Contrastive Modality Fusion for Multimedia Recommendationcited by 18
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- 2021From Intrinsic to Counterfactual: On the Explainability of Contextualized Recommender Systemscited by 9
- 2024Triple Modality Fusion: Aligning Visual, Textual, and Graph Data with Large Language Models for Multi-Behavior Recommendationscited by 9
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- 2025Breaking the Top-K Barrier: Advancing Top-K Ranking Metrics Optimization in Recommender Systemscited by 9
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- 2024GUME: Graphs and User Modalities Enhancement for Long-Tail Multimodal Recommendationcited by 8
- 2024CF-KAN: Kolmogorov-Arnold Network-based Collaborative Filtering to Mitigate Catastrophic Forgetting in Recommender Systemscited by 8
- 2021Debiased Explainable Pairwise Ranking from Implicit Feedbackcited by 7
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- 2024A Unified Graph Transformer for Overcoming Isolations in Multi-modal Recommendationcited by 4
50 most cited of 151 All 151 (JSON)
- 2026FairDiff: Mitigating the Self-Reinforcing Matthew Effect in Diffusion Recommender Models29 Sep 2026
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- 2026Diagnosing and Mitigating Retrieval Bottlenecks in LLM-Based Cold-Start Recommendation29 Jun 2026
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- 2026Efficient Personalization of Generative User Interfaces10 Apr 2026
- 2026PeReGrINE: Evaluating Personalized Review Fidelity with User Item Graph Context9 Apr 2026
- 2026MMP-Refer: Multimodal Path Retrieval-augmented LLMs For Explainable Recommendation4 Apr 2026
- 2026Joint Behavior-guided and Modality-coherence Conditional Graph Diffusion Denoising for Multi Modal Recommendation4 Apr 2026
- 2026Anchored Alignment: Preventing Positional Collapse in Multimodal Recommender Systems13 Mar 2026
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- 2025Enhancing Multimodal Recommendations with Vision-Language Models and Information-Aware Fusion3 Nov 2025
- 2025Structurally Refined Graph Transformer for Multimodal Recommendation1 Nov 2025
- 2025Towards Explainable Personalized Recommendations by Learning from Users' Photos24 Oct 2025
- 2025Causal Inspired Multi Modal Recommendation14 Oct 2025
- 2025ExplainRec: Towards Explainable Multi-Modal Zero-Shot Recommendation with Preference Attribution and Large Language Models3 Oct 2025
- 2025Catalog-Native LLM: Speaking Item-ID Dialect with Less Entanglement for Recommendation30 Sep 2025
- 2025Multimodal Representation-disentangled Information Bottleneck for Multimodal Recommendation24 Sep 2025
- 2025Conv4Rec: A 1-by-1 Convolutional AutoEncoder for User Profiling through Joint Analysis of Implicit and Explicit Feedbacks9 Sep 2025
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- 2026Benchmarking Multimodal Large Language Models for Missing Modality Completion in Product Cataloguescited by 1
- 2026Bounded-Compute Multimodal Regression for Product-Rating Predictioncited by 1
- 2025Bridging Domain Gaps between Pretrained Multimodal Models and Recommendationscited by 0
- 2025Enhancing Multimodal Recommendations with Vision-Language Models and Information-Aware Fusioncited by 0
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- 2026VLM4Rec: Multimodal Semantic Representation for Recommendation with Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 0
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- 2026VLM4Rec: Multimodal Semantic Representation for Recommendation with Large Vision-Language Models13 Mar 2026
- 2026Benchmarking Multimodal Large Language Models for Missing Modality Completion in Product Catalogues27 Jan 2026
- 2025Structural and Disentangled Adaptation of Large Vision Language Models for Multimodal Recommendation7 Dec 2025
- 2025Enhancing Multimodal Recommendations with Vision-Language Models and Information-Aware Fusion3 Nov 2025
- 2025A Metric for MLLM Alignment in Large-scale Recommendation7 Aug 2025
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- 2025Bridging Domain Gaps between Pretrained Multimodal Models and Recommendations21 Feb 2025
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- 2024Towards Unified Multi-Modal Personalization: Large Vision-Language Models for Generative Recommendation and Beyond15 Mar 2024
- 2024Rec-GPT4V: Multimodal Recommendation with Large Vision-Language Models13 Feb 2024
- 2024DiffMM: Multi-Modal Diffusion Model for Recommendationcited by 21
- 2023LD4MRec: Simplifying and Powering Diffusion Model for Multimedia Recommendationcited by 8
- 2023Adversarial Item Promotion on Visually-Aware Recommender Systems by Guided Diffusioncited by 5
- 2026Joint Behavior-guided and Modality-coherence Conditional Graph Diffusion Denoising for Multi Modal Recommendationcited by 0
- 2026Anatomy of a Decision: Uncertainty-aware Hierarchical Intent Learning via Flow Matching for Multimodal Recommendationcited by 0
- 2026Anatomy of a Decision: Uncertainty-aware Hierarchical Intent Learning via Flow Matching for Multimodal Recommendation30 Aug 2026
- 2026Joint Behavior-guided and Modality-coherence Conditional Graph Diffusion Denoising for Multi Modal Recommendation4 Apr 2026
- 2024DiffMM: Multi-Modal Diffusion Model for Recommendation17 Jun 2024
- 2023Adversarial Item Promotion on Visually-Aware Recommender Systems by Guided Diffusion25 Dec 2023
- 2023LD4MRec: Simplifying and Powering Diffusion Model for Multimedia Recommendation27 Sep 2023
- 2025A Survey of Foundation Model-Powered Recommender Systems: From Feature-Based, Generative to Agentic Paradigmscited by 17
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- 2026Agents as Knowledge Integrator and Utilizer in Multimodal Recommendation29 Aug 2026
- 2026ReasonRec: A Reasoning-Augmented Multimodal Agent for Unified Recommendation8 Jun 2026
- 2025A Survey of Foundation Model-Powered Recommender Systems: From Feature-Based, Generative to Agentic Paradigms23 Apr 2025
- 2021Mining Latent Structures for Multimedia Recommendationcited by 79
- 2021A Survey on Accuracy-oriented Neural Recommendation: From Collaborative Filtering to Information-rich Recommendationcited by 59
- 2023VIP5: Towards Multimodal Foundation Models for Recommendationcited by 45
- 2023MISSRec: Pre-training and Transferring Multi-modal Interest-aware Sequence Representation for Recommendationcited by 30
- 2021Conversational Fashion Image Retrieval via Multiturn Natural Language Feedbackcited by 29
- 2024LLM-Enhanced User-Item Interactions: Leveraging Edge Information for Optimized Recommendationscited by 24
- 2021Bootstrapping User and Item Representations for One-Class Collaborative Filteringcited by 22
- 2022CARCA: Context and Attribute-Aware Next-Item Recommendation via Cross-Attentioncited by 22
- 2024AlignRec: Aligning and Training in Multimodal Recommendationscited by 20
- 2021Latent Structure Mining with Contrastive Modality Fusion for Multimedia Recommendationcited by 18
- 2022FedRecAttack: Model Poisoning Attack to Federated Recommendationcited by 18
- 2025Gated Multimodal Graph Learning for Personalized Recommendationcited by 15
12 most cited of 126 All 126 (JSON)
- 2026FairDiff: Mitigating the Self-Reinforcing Matthew Effect in Diffusion Recommender Models29 Sep 2026
- 2026MM-VeriRec: Failure-Guided Fusion for Verifiable Agentic Multimodal Recommendation21 Sep 2026
- 2026MURAL: Multimodal Uncertainty-aware Recommendation via Adaptive edge Learning4 Sep 2026
- 2026Personalized and Multi-View Representation for Federated Cold-Start Recommendation28 Aug 2026
- 2026Content Depth Matters in Short-Video Recommendation: Rethinking the Attention Economy14 Aug 2026
- 2026TimeRoute: Time-Aware Modality Routing and Diffusion for Multi-Modal Recommendation11 Aug 2026
- 2026Bi-NAS: Towards Effective and Personalized Explanation for Recommender Systems via Bi-Level Neural Architecture Search1 Jul 2026
- 2026Diagnosing and Mitigating Retrieval Bottlenecks in LLM-Based Cold-Start Recommendation29 Jun 2026
- 2026Memory Is No Longer a Bottleneck: Memory-Efficient Graph Filtering for Scalable Collaborative Filtering19 Jun 2026
- 2026Band Together: Untargeted Adversarial Training with Multimodal Coordination against Evasion-based Promotion Attacks7 May 2026
- 2026TimeMM: Time-as-Operator Spectral Filtering for Dynamic Multimodal Recommendation29 Apr 2026
- 2026Efficient Personalization of Generative User Interfaces10 Apr 2026
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