SENTRY: A Streaming Edge Network Trust Engine for Real-Time Audio Deepfake Detection
On the map: Speech and audio language models → Anti-spoofing and adversarial audio attacks
Abstract (arXiv)
Real-time voice cloning has enabled large-scale streaming deepfake and vishing attacks, while existing Network Detection and Response (NDR) solutions rely on GPU-based post-processing that requires buffered audio and generalizes poorly to unseen speech synthesis models. This paper presents SENTRY, a hardware-oriented, streaming trust engine for inline deepfake detection at the network edge. SENTRY employs an integer lifting-wavelet front end together with a bank of multiplier-free transforms, including wavelet-packet envelopes, Walsh-Hadamard sequency profiles, waveform micro-statistics, and long-term spectral features, designed so that acoustic analysis needs only integer add, shift, compare and bitwise operations. A supervised gradient-boosted tree classifier is combined with an unsupervised Mahalanobis out-of-distribution detector trained solely on authentic speech, and their outputs are fused by a lightweight logistic layer to produce graduated LOG, CHALLENGE, or DROP actions. Under a closed-set protocol, SENTRY reaches 98.75% accuracy at a 1.25% equal-error rate (EER) on WaveFake, with perfect separation of HiFi-GAN and WaveGlow; its supervised track alone achieves an AUC of 0.9994 (fused: 0.9993). On ASVspoof 2019 LA (attacks A01-A06) over an 8 kHz mu-law telephony channel, it reaches 94.75% accuracy at a 5.05% EER, with a supervised-track AUC of 0.9948 (fused: 0.9884) and per-attack EERs below 7%. In our prototype, the feature front end runs as bit-exact integer code on one Arm Cortex-A53 core, and the classifier and fusion stage are synthesized for a Xilinx Zynq UltraScale+ MPSoC using no DSP slices, returning a decision 220 ns after a feature vector is ready. These results indicate that deepfake screening can be placed inline without GPUs or floating-point hardware; generalization to unseen generators is left to future work.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 19 Oct 2026). Placed in Anti-spoofing and adversarial audio attacks, one of 11 directions in Speech and audio language models. Builds on 13 of its 24 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Oct 2026.
Builds on
13 of 24 references.
Closest ancestors · 3
Same direction, newest first
- 2022Does Audio Deepfake Detection Generalize?30 Mar
- 2022Automatic speaker verification spoofing and deepfake detection using wav2vec 2.0 and data augmentation24 Feb
- 2021ASVspoof 2021: accelerating progress in spoofed and deepfake speech detection1 Sep
Other references · 10
- 2020wav2vec 2.0: A Framework for Self-Supervised Learning of Speech Representationscited by 4,385
- 2018A Simple Unified Framework for Detecting Out-of-Distribution Samples and Adversarial Attackscited by 1,495
- 2021AASIST: Audio Anti-Spoofing using Integrated Spectro-Temporal Graph Attention Networkscited by 238
- 2020End-to-end anti-spoofing with RawNet2cited by 196
- 2021WaveFake: A Data Set to Facilitate Audio Deepfake Detectioncited by 96
- 2021RawBoost: A Raw Data Boosting and Augmentation Method applied to Automatic Speaker Verification Anti-Spoofingcited by 90
- 2023Audio Deepfake Detection: A Surveycited by 59
- 2021Human Perception of Audio Deepfakescited by 16
- 2024People are poorly equipped to detect AI-powered voice clonescited by 16
- 2026Evaluating AI Models' Capability to Automate Voice Phishing Attackscited by 1
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- 2026FlowFake: Liquid Networks for Audio Deepfake Detection
- 2025Measuring the Robustness of Audio Deepfake Detection under Real-World Corruption
- 2024Easy, Interpretable, Effective: openSMILE for voice deepfake detection
- 2024WavLM model ensemble for audio deepfake detection
- 2024SafeEar: Content Privacy-Preserving Audio Deepfake Detection