TextVerifier: Seeing Beyond Recognition to Verify Chinese Text Rendering
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Abstract (arXiv)
Text-to-image models increasingly generate readable Chinese text that still contains local rendering defects, such as a character with an extra or missing stroke or a malformed component. Such errors are invisible to OCR and vision-language models, which are trained for recognition and are therefore invariant to the very structural deviations that define a rendering error. We formalize text rendering verification as a target-conditioned problem: given a target character and an image crop, decide whether the crop is a correct rendering of that character. Our verifier TEXTVERIFIER feeds the text tower a character's Ideographic Description Sequence (IDS) rather than a single-character symbol, and is trained on 12.7M crop-IDS pairs plus label-free "same-character, different-quality" hard pairs sampled from the training trajectory of a text-region inpainting model. To evaluate this ability we build TEXTRENDERBENCH-ZH, the first per-character benchmark for generated Chinese text, annotating position, identity, and correctness for 7,358 characters. TEXTVERIFIER reaches an F1 of 0.844, far above OCR confidence (0.526), a general VLM (0.329), and TextPecker (0.590). Used as a per-character reward for Flow-GRPO post-training, it further reduces rendering errors, showing that its score can both detect and correct errors.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 28 of its 47 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Oct 2026.
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28 of 47 references.
References · 28
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- 2023ImageReward: Learning and Evaluating Human Preferences for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 1,045
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- 2024Eyes Wide Shut? Exploring the Visual Shortcomings of Multimodal LLMscited by 735
- 2025Flow-GRPO: Training Flow Matching Models via Online RLcited by 661
- 2023DreamSim: Learning New Dimensions of Human Visual Similarity using Synthetic Datacited by 337
- 2019Character Region Awareness for Text Detectioncited by 278
- 2024Rotary Position Embedding for Vision Transformercited by 236
- 2023TextDiffuser: Diffusion Models as Text Painterscited by 229
16 more
- 2023GlyphControl: Glyph Conditional Control for Visual Text Generationcited by 131
- 2025X-Omni: Reinforcement Learning Makes Discrete Autoregressive Image Generative Models Great Againcited by 112
- 2025OneIG-Bench: Omni-dimensional Nuanced Evaluation for Image Generationcited by 87
- 2023Chinese Text Recognition with A Pre-Trained CLIP-Like Model Through Image-IDS Aligningcited by 26
- 2023Towards Real-World Writing Assistance: A Chinese Character Checking Benchmark with Faked and Misspelled Characterscited by 22
- 2026Qwen-Image-Bench: From Generation to Creation in Text-to-Image Evaluationcited by 22
- 2026PaddleOCR-VL-1.6: Expanding the Frontier of Document Parsing with Under-Optimized Region Refinement and Progressive Post-Trainingcited by 21
- 2026TextPecker: Rewarding Structural Anomaly Quantification for Enhancing Visual Text Renderingcited by 15
- 2026PP-OCRv6: From 1.5M to 34.5M Parameters, Surpassing Billion-Scale VLMs on OCR Taskscited by 14
- 2024AMO Sampler: Enhancing Text Rendering with Overshootingcited by 12
- 2026GDRO: Group-level Reward Post-training Suitable for Diffusion Modelscited by 8
- 2026Visual Merit or Linguistic Crutch? A Close Look at DeepSeek-OCRcited by 8
- 2024Type-R: Automatically Retouching Typos for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 7
- 2026GlyphPrinter: Region-Grouped Direct Preference Optimization for Glyph-Accurate Visual Text Renderingcited by 6
- 2026TextAlign: Preference Alignment for Text Rendering with Hierarchical Rewardscited by 5
- 2026WeGenBench: A Multidimensional Diagnostic Benchmark towards Text-to-Image Model Optimizationcited by 1
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- 2026Decompose Radicals, Then Reward: Fine-Grained Inspection for Accurate Chinese Text Rendering
- 2026Do VLMs Read or Rewrite? On Transcription Faithfulness in Vision-Language Models
- 2026T2LSC-Bench: Benchmarking Localized Semantic Control in Text-to-Image Generation
- 2024ASCIIEval: Benchmarking Models' Visual Perception in Text Strings via ASCII Art
- 2024TextHawk2: A Large Vision-Language Model Excels in Bilingual OCR and Grounding with 16x Fewer Tokens
- 2026UltraText Bench: A Comprehensive Bilingual Benchmark for Evaluating Visual Text Rendering in Image Generation
- 2025CalliReader: Contextualizing Chinese Calligraphy via an Embedding-Aligned Vision-Language Model
- 2026TextVBench: Evaluating Text Rendering and Preservation in Video Generation