mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Action Conditioned Bisimulation For GUI Agent Memory

arXiv 2609.38778 ↗First posted 30 Sep 2026cs.AIcited by 0

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Agent memory systems also fits: GUI and mobile agents

Abstract (arXiv)

An agent that remembers what it did on a web page must decide when two pages count as the same. Memories built on observation similarity merge pages that look alike but behave differently, and GUIs are full of such pages: two tabs of one widget or two rows of one menu answer the same click differently. We define the merge rule as an action-conditioned bisimulation over the empirical predictive state graph a frozen agent fills as it acts. Two states merge only when their shared actions lead to agreeing outcomes and successor blocks under an affordance label. Observation similarity never enters the rule, and nothing is trained. It replaces the merge rule of an existing outcome-value memory, so a closed-loop comparison isolates it. On MiniWoB++ it raises success rate over a memoryless agent, while a control taking identical exploratory detours, the prior successor-representation merge, and the same criterion without action conditioning change nothing.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Agent memory systems, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 14 of its 17 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Sep 2026.

Builds on

14 of 17 references.

References · 14

  1. 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,695
  2. 2023WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agentscited by 2,006
  3. 2023ExpeL: LLM Agents Are Experiential Learnerscited by 876
  4. 2025UI-TARS: Pioneering Automated GUI Interaction with Native Agentscited by 610
  5. 2020Learning Invariant Representations for Reinforcement Learning without Reconstructioncited by 436
  6. 2024Agent Workflow Memorycited by 383
  7. 2018Reinforcement Learning on Web Interfaces Using Workflow-Guided Explorationcited by 284
  8. 2023Synapse: Trajectory-as-Exemplar Prompting with Memory for Computer Controlcited by 187
  9. 2024The BrowserGym Ecosystem for Web Agent Researchcited by 161
  10. 2019Scalable methods for computing state similarity in deterministic Markov Decision Processescited by 133
  11. 2024AgentOccam: A Simple Yet Strong Baseline for LLM-Based Web Agentscited by 114
  12. 2024AutoGuide: Automated Generation and Selection of Context-Aware Guidelines for Large Language Model Agentscited by 74
2 more
  1. 2025Understanding Behavioral Metric Learning: A Large-Scale Study on Distracting Reinforcement Learning Environmentscited by 3
  2. 2025Revisiting Bisimulation Metric for Robust Representations in Reinforcement Learningcited by 3

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  4. 2026Simple Agentic Memory for Generalist Robot Policies
  5. 2026Measuring the Stability Assumption Behind Action Chunking
  6. 2026DeltaReplay: Task-Relative Memory Reuse for Mobile GUI Agents
  7. 2026MemoryArena: Benchmarking Agent Memory in Interdependent Multi-Session Agentic Tasks
  8. 2026Darwinian Memory: A Training-Free Self-Regulating Memory System for GUI Agent Evolution