mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Draft in Parallel, Condition Through Depth: Adjacent Causal Injection for Speculative Decoding

arXiv 2609.36173 ↗First posted 28 Sep 2026cs.LG cs.AIcited by 0

On the map: Efficient LLM inference and serving → Speculative decoding

Abstract (arXiv)

Parallel speculative drafting generates multiple candidates in one backbone pass, but independent token selection can produce inconsistent continuations that shorten the accepted prefix. Existing methods mostly leave conditional decoding to a lightweight module after the backbone, which limits the flow of predecessor information to successors. Our analysis of DFlash shows that early positions already form recoverable predictions in shallow layers, and that accurate adjacent predecessors help successors more when they enter earlier. We therefore propose DSpine, a drafter with causal conditioning injection throughout the backbone: at every layer, gated adjacent injection writes each predecessor's predicted feature into its successor, so the causal conditioning chain unfolds over network depth while all positions update in parallel. A unified transfer space built from the target model's output embeddings unifies layer-wise injection with predecessor-conditioned decoding, and layer-wise output-embedding supervision promotes the formation of predicted features in shallow layers. Fused kernels and a transition cache execute both efficiently in parallel within SGLang. Across seven math, code, and chat benchmarks, DSpine achieves the longest acceptance length at both temperatures on Qwen3-4B and Qwen3-8B. At temperature zero on Qwen3-8B, it raises the seven-benchmark mean from DFlash's 3.77 to 4.82 (+27.8%); in SGLang serving tests, it delivers 23.3% higher throughput than DFlash on average.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Speculative decoding, one of 12 directions in Efficient LLM inference and serving. Builds on 30 of its 33 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Sep 2026.

Builds on

30 of 33 references.

Closest ancestors · 23

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2026LiLiCorr: Lightweight Likelihood Correlation of Parallel Drafts for Speculative Decoding20 Aug
  2. 2026xPress: Parallel Refinement for Diffusion Drafters in Speculative Decoding3 Aug
  3. 2026DSpark: Confidence-Scheduled Speculative Decoding with Semi-Autoregressive Generation6 Jul
  4. 2026JetSpec: Breaking the Scaling Ceiling of Speculative Decoding with Parallel Tree Drafting16 Jun
  5. 2026TreeFlash: Parallel AR-Approximation for Faster Speculative Decoding2 Jun
  6. 2026DFlare: Scaling Up Draft Capacity for Block Diffusion Speculative Decoding1 Jun
  7. 2026Domino: Decoupling Causal Modeling from Autoregressive Drafting in Speculative Decoding28 May
  8. 2026D-PACE: Dynamic Position-Aware Cross-Entropy for Parallel Speculative Drafting12 May
  9. 2026Accelerating Speculative Decoding with Block Diffusion Draft Trees14 Apr
  10. 2026DFlash: Block Diffusion for Flash Speculative Decoding5 Feb
  11. 2026DART: Diffusion-Inspired Speculative Decoding for Fast LLM Inference27 Jan
  12. 2025DiffuSpec: Unlocking Diffusion Language Models for Speculative Decoding28 Sep
11 more
  1. 2025ASPD: Unlocking Adaptive Serial-Parallel Decoding by Exploring Intrinsic Parallelism in LLMs12 Aug
  2. 2025PARD: Accelerating LLM Inference with Low-Cost PARallel Draft Model Adaptation23 Apr
  3. 2025EAGLE-3: Scaling up Inference Acceleration of Large Language Models via Training-Time Test3 Mar
  4. 2024Speculative Diffusion Decoding: Accelerating Language Generation through Diffusion10 Aug
  5. 2024EAGLE-2: Faster Inference of Language Models with Dynamic Draft Trees24 Jun
  6. 2024Hydra: Sequentially-Dependent Draft Heads for Medusa Decoding7 Feb
  7. 2024EAGLE: Speculative Sampling Requires Rethinking Feature Uncertainty26 Jan
  8. 2024Medusa: Simple LLM Inference Acceleration Framework with Multiple Decoding Heads19 Jan
  9. 2023SpecInfer: Accelerating Generative Large Language Model Serving with Tree-based Speculative Inference and Verification16 May
  10. 2023Accelerating Large Language Model Decoding with Speculative Sampling2 Feb
  11. 2022Fast Inference from Transformers via Speculative Decoding30 Nov

Other references · 7

  1. 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 9,743
  2. 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,393
  3. 2021Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Codecited by 8,053
  4. 2021Program Synthesis with Large Language Modelscited by 3,509
  5. 2015Scheduled Sampling for Sequence Prediction with Recurrent Neural Networkscited by 779
  6. 2024FlashAttention-3: Fast and Accurate Attention with Asynchrony and Low-precisioncited by 507
  7. 2018Blockwise Parallel Decoding for Deep Autoregressive Modelscited by 318

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  1. 2026When Parallel Drafter Meets Parallel Speculative Decoding
  2. 2026D-Loop: Looped Diffusion Drafting for Speculative Decoding
  3. 2026DeLS-Spec: Decoupled Long-Short Contexts for Parallel Speculative Drafting
  4. 2026LongSpark: Efficient speculative decoding with a fixed-cost parallel drafter
  5. 2024ParallelSpec: Parallel Drafter for Efficient Speculative Decoding
  6. 2026DEdit: Iterative Draft Editing for Speculative Decoding
  7. 2025FastEagle: Cascaded Drafting for Accelerating Speculative Decoding
  8. 2026Training Parallel Speculative Draft Models by Directly Minimizing Expected Decoding Rounds