DART: Diffusion-Inspired Speculative Decoding for Fast LLM Inference
On the map: Efficient LLM inference and serving → Speculative decoding
Abstract (arXiv)
Speculative decoding is an effective and lossless approach for accelerating LLM inference. However, existing widely adopted model-based draft designs, such as EAGLE3, improve accuracy at the cost of multi-step autoregressive inference, resulting in high drafting latency and ultimately rendering the drafting stage itself a performance bottleneck. Inspired by diffusion-based large language models (dLLMs), we propose DART, which leverages parallel generation to reduce drafting latency. DART predicts logits for multiple future masked positions in parallel within a single forward pass based on hidden states of the target model, thereby eliminating autoregressive rollouts in the draft model while preserving a lightweight design. Based on these parallel logit predictions, we further introduce an efficient tree pruning algorithm that constructs high-quality draft token trees with N-gram-enforced semantic continuity. DART substantially reduces draft-stage overhead while preserving high draft accuracy, leading to significantly improved end-to-end decoding speed. Experimental results demonstrate that DART achieves a 2.03x--3.44x wall-clock time speedup across multiple datasets, surpassing EAGLE3 by 30% on average and offering a practical speculative decoding framework. Code is released at https://github.com/fvliang/DART.
Key facts. Cited by 24 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Speculative decoding, one of 12 directions in Efficient LLM inference and serving. Builds on 29 of its 39 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Jan 2026.
Builds on
29 of 39 references.
Closest ancestors · 14
Same direction, newest first
- 2025DEER: Draft with Diffusion, Verify with Autoregressive Models17 Dec
- 2025SpecDiff-2: Scaling Diffusion Drafter Alignment For Faster Speculative Decoding1 Nov
- 2025DiffuSpec: Unlocking Diffusion Language Models for Speculative Decoding28 Sep
- 2025EAGLE-3: Scaling up Inference Acceleration of Large Language Models via Training-Time Test3 Mar
- 2024Falcon: Faster and Parallel Inference of Large Language Models through Enhanced Semi-Autoregressive Drafting and Custom-Designed Decoding Tree17 Dec
- 2024Learning Harmonized Representations for Speculative Sampling28 Aug
- 2024Speculative Diffusion Decoding: Accelerating Language Generation through Diffusion10 Aug
- 2024EAGLE-2: Faster Inference of Language Models with Dynamic Draft Trees24 Jun
- 2024TriForce: Lossless Acceleration of Long Sequence Generation with Hierarchical Speculative Decoding18 Apr
- 2024Break the Sequential Dependency of LLM Inference Using Lookahead Decoding3 Feb
- 2024Medusa: Simple LLM Inference Acceleration Framework with Multiple Decoding Heads19 Jan
- 2023SpecTr: Fast Speculative Decoding via Optimal Transport23 Oct
2 more
Other references · 15
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- 2021Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Codecited by 8,320
- 2023Let's Verify Step by Stepcited by 3,789
- 2021Program Synthesis with Large Language Modelscited by 3,637
- 2024LiveCodeBench: Holistic and Contamination Free Evaluation of Large Language Models for Codecited by 2,004
- 2025Large Language Diffusion Modelscited by 912
- 2023Enhancing Chat Language Models by Scaling High-quality Instructional Conversationscited by 839
- 2025Dream 7B: Diffusion Large Language Modelscited by 544
- 2021Datasets: A Community Library for Natural Language Processingcited by 530
- 2025Mercury: Ultra-Fast Language Models Based on Diffusioncited by 235
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 24.
24 papers.
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- 2026Domino: Decoupling Causal Modeling from Autoregressive Drafting in Speculative Decodingcited by 34
- 2026Accelerating Speculative Decoding with Block Diffusion Draft Treescited by 29
- 2026D-PACE: Dynamic Position-Aware Cross-Entropy for Parallel Speculative Draftingcited by 17
- 2026Draft-OPD: On-Policy Distillation for Speculative Draft Modelscited by 11
- 2026TAPS: Target-Aware Prefix Tree Selection for Diffusion-Drafted Speculative Decodingcited by 9
- 2026PARD-2: Target-Aligned Parallel Draft Model for Dual-Mode Speculative Decodingcited by 8
- 2026Cost-Aware Diffusion Draft Trees for Speculative Decodingcited by 6
- 2026Seeing the End at Step Zero: Accelerating Diffusion MLLMs via MLP Sparsity-Aware Truncationcited by 5
- 2026TreeFlash: Parallel AR-Approximation for Faster Speculative Decodingcited by 4
- 2026DeLS-Spec: Decoupled Long-Short Contexts for Parallel Speculative Draftingcited by 4
- 2026AngelSpec: Towards Real-World High Performance Inference with Speculative Decodingcited by 4
- 2026SpecBlock: Block-Iterative Speculative Decoding with Dynamic Tree Draftingcited by 3
12 more
- 2026FlexDraft: Flexible Speculative Decoding via Attention Tuning and Bonus-Guided Calibrationcited by 2
- 2026DFlow: Enabling Verifier Information Flow in Block Diffusion Speculative Decodingcited by 2
- 2026When Parallel Drafter Meets Parallel Speculative Decodingcited by 2
- 2026CURE: Local Uncertainty Repair for Block-Parallel Speculative Decodingcited by 1
- 2026Draft in Parallel, Condition Through Depth: Adjacent Causal Injection for Speculative Decodingcited by 1
- 2026Enabling Performant and Flexible Model-Internal Observability for LLM Inferencecited by 0
- 2026Fully Rotation-Equivariant Spectral-Spatial Learning for Multispectral Object Detectioncited by 0
- 2026Accepted Prefixes Are Not All You Need: A Negative Result on PEFT-Based Block-Diffusion Draftingcited by 0
- 2026LibraSpec: Dynamic Diffusion-Based Speculative Decoding via Marginal-Gain-Driven Optimizationcited by 0
- 2026UBTree: Parallel Tree Drafting via Unigram and Bigram Models for Speculative Decodingcited by 0
- 2026CAST: Cost-Aware Speculative Trees from One-Pass Block Drafterscited by 0
- 2026AdaSpark: Adaptive DSpark with Online Learning for Tree Verification and N-gram Fillcited by 0
- 2026AdaSpark: Adaptive DSpark with Online Learning for Tree Verification and N-gram Fill5 Oct 2026
- 2026UBTree: Parallel Tree Drafting via Unigram and Bigram Models for Speculative Decoding30 Sep 2026
- 2026CAST: Cost-Aware Speculative Trees from One-Pass Block Drafters29 Sep 2026
- 2026Draft in Parallel, Condition Through Depth: Adjacent Causal Injection for Speculative Decoding28 Sep 2026
- 2026When Parallel Drafter Meets Parallel Speculative Decoding23 Sep 2026
- 2026DFlow: Enabling Verifier Information Flow in Block Diffusion Speculative Decoding6 Sep 2026
- 2026LibraSpec: Dynamic Diffusion-Based Speculative Decoding via Marginal-Gain-Driven Optimization9 Aug 2026
- 2026CURE: Local Uncertainty Repair for Block-Parallel Speculative Decoding1 Aug 2026
- 2026AngelSpec: Towards Real-World High Performance Inference with Speculative Decoding28 Jul 2026
- 2026Seeing the End at Step Zero: Accelerating Diffusion MLLMs via MLP Sparsity-Aware Truncation16 Jul 2026
- 2026Accepted Prefixes Are Not All You Need: A Negative Result on PEFT-Based Block-Diffusion Drafting14 Jul 2026
- 2026DeLS-Spec: Decoupled Long-Short Contexts for Parallel Speculative Drafting8 Jul 2026
12 more
- 2026Fully Rotation-Equivariant Spectral-Spatial Learning for Multispectral Object Detection6 Jul 2026
- 2026TreeFlash: Parallel AR-Approximation for Faster Speculative Decoding2 Jun 2026
- 2026Cost-Aware Diffusion Draft Trees for Speculative Decoding1 Jun 2026
- 2026TAPS: Target-Aware Prefix Tree Selection for Diffusion-Drafted Speculative Decoding30 May 2026
- 2026Domino: Decoupling Causal Modeling from Autoregressive Drafting in Speculative Decoding28 May 2026
- 2026Draft-OPD: On-Policy Distillation for Speculative Draft Models28 May 2026
- 2026FlexDraft: Flexible Speculative Decoding via Attention Tuning and Bonus-Guided Calibration19 May 2026
- 2026D-PACE: Dynamic Position-Aware Cross-Entropy for Parallel Speculative Drafting12 May 2026
- 2026Enabling Performant and Flexible Model-Internal Observability for LLM Inference11 May 2026
- 2026PARD-2: Target-Aligned Parallel Draft Model for Dual-Mode Speculative Decoding9 May 2026
- 2026SpecBlock: Block-Iterative Speculative Decoding with Dynamic Tree Drafting8 May 2026
- 2026Accelerating Speculative Decoding with Block Diffusion Draft Trees14 Apr 2026
- 2026Domino: Decoupling Causal Modeling from Autoregressive Drafting in Speculative Decodingcited by 34
- 2026Accelerating Speculative Decoding with Block Diffusion Draft Treescited by 29
- 2026D-PACE: Dynamic Position-Aware Cross-Entropy for Parallel Speculative Draftingcited by 17
- 2026Draft-OPD: On-Policy Distillation for Speculative Draft Modelscited by 11
- 2026PARD-2: Target-Aligned Parallel Draft Model for Dual-Mode Speculative Decodingcited by 8
- 2026Cost-Aware Diffusion Draft Trees for Speculative Decodingcited by 6
- 2026TreeFlash: Parallel AR-Approximation for Faster Speculative Decodingcited by 4
- 2026DeLS-Spec: Decoupled Long-Short Contexts for Parallel Speculative Draftingcited by 4
- 2026AngelSpec: Towards Real-World High Performance Inference with Speculative Decodingcited by 4
- 2026SpecBlock: Block-Iterative Speculative Decoding with Dynamic Tree Draftingcited by 3
- 2026FlexDraft: Flexible Speculative Decoding via Attention Tuning and Bonus-Guided Calibrationcited by 2
- 2026DFlow: Enabling Verifier Information Flow in Block Diffusion Speculative Decodingcited by 2
12 most cited of 19 All 19 (JSON)
- 2026UBTree: Parallel Tree Drafting via Unigram and Bigram Models for Speculative Decoding30 Sep 2026
- 2026CAST: Cost-Aware Speculative Trees from One-Pass Block Drafters29 Sep 2026
- 2026Draft in Parallel, Condition Through Depth: Adjacent Causal Injection for Speculative Decoding28 Sep 2026
- 2026When Parallel Drafter Meets Parallel Speculative Decoding23 Sep 2026
- 2026DFlow: Enabling Verifier Information Flow in Block Diffusion Speculative Decoding6 Sep 2026
- 2026LibraSpec: Dynamic Diffusion-Based Speculative Decoding via Marginal-Gain-Driven Optimization9 Aug 2026
- 2026CURE: Local Uncertainty Repair for Block-Parallel Speculative Decoding1 Aug 2026
- 2026AngelSpec: Towards Real-World High Performance Inference with Speculative Decoding28 Jul 2026
- 2026Accepted Prefixes Are Not All You Need: A Negative Result on PEFT-Based Block-Diffusion Drafting14 Jul 2026
- 2026DeLS-Spec: Decoupled Long-Short Contexts for Parallel Speculative Drafting8 Jul 2026
- 2026TreeFlash: Parallel AR-Approximation for Faster Speculative Decoding2 Jun 2026
- 2026Cost-Aware Diffusion Draft Trees for Speculative Decoding1 Jun 2026
12 newest of 19 All 19 (JSON)
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026DARTree: Speculative Diffusion Decoding with Autoregressive Draft Trees
- 2024Closer Look at Efficient Inference Methods: A Survey of Speculative Decoding
- 2024Speculative Decoding via Early-exiting for Faster LLM Inference with Thompson Sampling Control Mechanism
- 2024Recursive Speculative Decoding: Accelerating LLM Inference via Sampling Without Replacement
- 2024SWIFT: On-the-Fly Self-Speculative Decoding for LLM Inference Acceleration
- 2023Accelerating LLM Inference with Staged Speculative Decoding
- 2025Tutorial Proposal: Speculative Decoding for Efficient LLM Inference
- 2025CARD: A Cache-Assisted Parallel Speculative Decoding Framework via Query-and-Correct Paradigm for Accelerating LLM Inference