mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

ProMediConv: Benchmarking Proactive Conversational Agents in Legal Dispute Mediation

arXiv 2609.11101 ↗First posted 10 Sep 2026cs.CLcited by 0

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Social simulation and multi-agent debate

Abstract (arXiv)

Dispute mediation is essential for maintaining social harmony and resilience, yet developing skilled mediators is costly and time-consuming. Existing LLM-based mediation research remains limited by unrealistic task formulations, low-fidelity datasets, and coarse evaluation metrics that obscure turn-by-turn dynamics. To address these gaps, we introduce ProMediConv, a novel benchmarking framework that models mediation as a proactive, multi-stage, and party-aware dialogue process incorporating 11 mediation strategies and four party behavior pattern (BP) states. Using 972 complete real-world cases, we construct a high-fidelity mediation dataset with utterance-level annotations of strategies and BP states. Furthermore, to better assess agent impact, we propose MAD (Mean Attribute Difference), a fine-grained metric that captures BP shifts throughout the dialogue. Leveraging this framework, we establish a comprehensive benchmark by evaluating diverse models alongside our tailored baseline ProMediAgent. Extensive empirical analyses reveal critical behavioral phenomena and underscore the persistent challenges current models face in dynamic, multi-party mediation. Ultimately, ProMediConv provides a rigorous foundation and a vital quantitative standard for advancing AI-assisted conflict resolution. Our dataset and codebase are accessible at https://github.com/ZsWei66/ProMediConv_repo.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Social simulation and multi-agent debate, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 26 of its 59 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 10 Sep 2026.

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26 of 59 references.

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  1. 2025Simulating Dispute Mediation with LLM-Based Agents for Legal Research8 Sep

Other references · 25

  1. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,971
  2. 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,715
  3. 2021Towards Emotional Support Dialog Systemscited by 299
  4. 2019Persuasion for Good: Towards a Personalized Persuasive Dialogue System for Social Goodcited by 209
  5. 2023Improving Language Model Negotiation with Self-Play and In-Context Learning from AI Feedbackcited by 207
  6. 2018Decoupling Strategy and Generation in Negotiation Dialoguescited by 162
  7. 2023Prompting and Evaluating Large Language Models for Proactive Dialogues: Clarification, Target-guided, and Non-collaborationcited by 116
  8. 2024CPsyCoun: A Report-based Multi-turn Dialogue Reconstruction and Evaluation Framework for Chinese Psychological Counselingcited by 89
  9. 2024Proactive Agent: Shifting LLM Agents from Reactive Responses to Active Assistancecited by 87
  10. 2023Plug-and-Play Policy Planner for Large Language Model Powered Dialogue Agentscited by 77
  11. 2023A Survey on Proactive Dialogue Systems: Problems, Methods, and Prospectscited by 66
  12. 2024Towards Human-centered Proactive Conversational Agentscited by 49
13 more
  1. 2024Evaluating Language Model Agency through Negotiationscited by 48
  2. 2026HumanLM: Simulating Users with State Alignment Beats Response Imitationcited by 37
  3. 2024Are LLMs Effective Negotiators? Systematic Evaluation of the Multifaceted Capabilities of LLMs in Negotiation Dialoguescited by 29
  4. 2024Robots in the Middle: Evaluating LLMs in Dispute Resolutioncited by 14
  5. 2024Simulation-Free Hierarchical Latent Policy Planning for Proactive Dialoguescited by 14
  6. 2024ProCIS: A Benchmark for Proactive Retrieval in Conversationscited by 11
  7. 2021Proactive Retrieval-based Chatbots based on Relevant Knowledge and Goalscited by 9
  8. 2025KODIS: A Multicultural Dispute Resolution Dialogue Corpuscited by 9
  9. 2025Simulating Before Planning: Constructing Intrinsic User World Model for User-Tailored Dialogue Policy Planningcited by 7
  10. 2024Effective Exploration Based on the Structural Information Principlescited by 4
  11. 2026Beyond Static Personas: Situational Personality Steering for Large Language Modelscited by 2
  12. 2026Dual Hierarchical Dialogue Policy Learning for Legal Inquisitive Conversational Agentscited by 2
  13. 2026Do LLMs Understand Personality? Rethinking Persona Fidelity Evaluation through Structured Behavioral Inferencecited by 1

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  1. 2025ProMediate: A Socio-cognitive framework for evaluating proactive agents in multi-party negotiation
  2. 2026SoCRATES: Towards Reliable Automated Evaluation of Proactive LLM Mediation across Domains and Socio-cognitive Variations
  3. 2025From Moderation to Mediation: Can LLMs Serve as Mediators in Online Flame Wars?
  4. 2026Can LLMs Truly Embody Human Personality? Analyzing AI and Human Behavior Alignment in Dispute Resolution
  5. 2022ProsocialDialog: A Prosocial Backbone for Conversational Agents
  6. 2025Evaluating Behavioral Alignment in Conflict Dialogue: A Multi-Dimensional Comparison of LLM Agents and Humans
  7. 2026CALM-IT: Enhancing Synthetic Motivational Interviewing Dialogue Quality with Conversational Dynamics
  8. 2023Should we be going MAD? A Look at Multi-Agent Debate Strategies for LLMs