Open-Weight Masked Introspection: Measuring What Language Models Can Report About Their Own Computation
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Are frontier models able to introspect about their internal states? Recent work suggests that under certain conditions a complex enough model can audit its own internals, call out what changed, and report back confidently about it. We tested that claim on eight open-weight models from seven families and found no such ability: asked whether their own computation had been altered, none answered better than chance. To test it we built Open-Weight Masked Introspection (OWMI), a framework that intervenes on residual-stream sites, attention heads and sparse-autoencoder features, then interrogates the model about the change against the null conditions an answer has to beat: sham runs where nothing was altered, impact-matched random perturbations, and a text-only observer that sees only the visible output. Over 78,000 measurements, no model's report discriminates a real intervention from a sham beyond chance (AUROC ~0.5007), and an equivalence test bounds the effect below 0.15 percentage points of AUROC. Surprisingly, all the information needed is in the models. A model fine-tuned to report this class of intervention reaches near-perfect recovery on held-out directions, and a linear probe recovers intervention presence from the same activations at 75% to 95.8% accuracy, sharpening to no held-out error at the last layer before the model speaks. In one model the signal surfaces in the confidence rather than the words: its yes-or-no report never varies, while the confidence attached to it separates intervention from sham at AUROC 0.647. The failure sits in the path from internal state to verbal report, so oversight that reads a model's own testimony needs validating against an internal reference. While our results show the inability of current open-weight models to introspect, the debate is not settled for future models.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 45 of its 63 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Aug 2026.
Builds on
45 of 63 references.
References · 45
- 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 9,743
- 2021Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Codecited by 8,053
- 2020Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understandingcited by 7,768
- 2021Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Datasetcited by 5,203
- 2018Think you have Solved Question Answering? Try ARC, the AI2 Reasoning Challengecited by 4,710
- 2019HellaSwag: Can a Machine Really Finish Your Sentence?cited by 4,018
- 2021Program Synthesis with Large Language Modelscited by 3,509
- 2021TruthfulQA: Measuring How Models Mimic Human Falsehoodscited by 2,919
- 2023GPQA: A Graduate-Level Google-Proof Q&A Benchmarkcited by 2,748
- 2022Locating and Editing Factual Associations in GPTcited by 2,609
- 2024MMLU-Pro: A More Robust and Challenging Multi-Task Language Understanding Benchmarkcited by 1,758
- 2023LongBench: A Bilingual, Multitask Benchmark for Long Context Understandingcited by 1,378
33 more
- 2023Sparse Autoencoders Find Highly Interpretable Features in Language Modelscited by 1,359
- 2023Inference-Time Intervention: Eliciting Truthful Answers from a Language Modelcited by 1,259
- 2023Representation Engineering: A Top-Down Approach to AI Transparencycited by 1,239
- 2023Instruction-Following Evaluation for Large Language Modelscited by 1,143
- 2023Language Models Don't Always Say What They Think: Unfaithful Explanations in Chain-of-Thought Promptingcited by 1,081
- 2023Steering Llama 2 via Contrastive Activation Additioncited by 1,009
- 2023Can LLMs Express Their Uncertainty? An Empirical Evaluation of Confidence Elicitation in LLMscited by 946
- 2023Steering Language Models With Activation Engineeringcited by 824
- 2023Semantic Uncertainty: Linguistic Invariances for Uncertainty Estimation in Natural Language Generationcited by 795
- 2023Just Ask for Calibration: Strategies for Eliciting Calibrated Confidence Scores from Language Models Fine-Tuned with Human Feedbackcited by 788
- 2022Discovering Latent Knowledge in Language Models Without Supervisioncited by 733
- 2022Teaching Models to Express Their Uncertainty in Wordscited by 731
- 2023Measuring Faithfulness in Chain-of-Thought Reasoningcited by 668
- 2023The Internal State of an LLM Knows When It's Lyingcited by 644
- 2023Towards Best Practices of Activation Patching in Language Models: Metrics and Methodscited by 328
- 2023A Survey of Confidence Estimation and Calibration in Large Language Modelscited by 253
- 2022Extracting Latent Steering Vectors from Pretrained Language Modelscited by 217
- 2026Scaling Monosemanticity: Extracting Interpretable Features from Claude 3 Sonnetcited by 175
- 2023The Hydra Effect: Emergent Self-repair in Language Model Computationscited by 145
- 2024Looking Inward: Language Models Can Learn About Themselves by Introspectioncited by 105
- 2025Tell me about yourself: LLMs are aware of their learned behaviorscited by 86
- 2024Metacognitive Capabilities of LLMs: An Exploration in Mathematical Problem Solvingcited by 82
- 2026Emergent Introspective Awareness in Large Language Modelscited by 73
- 2025Privileged Self-Access Matters for Introspection in AIcited by 20
- 2026Latent Introspection: Models Can Detect Prior Concept Injectionscited by 12
- 2025Information Suppression in Large Language Models: Auditing, Quantifying, and Characterizing Censorship in DeepSeekcited by 11
- 2026Introspection Adapters: Training LLMs to Report Their Learned Behaviorscited by 8
- 2026Can LLMs Introspect? A Reality Checkcited by 8
- 2026Stop Drawing Scientific Claims from LLM Social Simulations Without Robustness Auditscited by 6
- 2026Emergent Introspection in AI is Content-Agnosticcited by 5
- 2025Detecting the Disturbance: A Nuanced View of Introspective Abilities in LLMscited by 4
- 2026Quantitative Introspection in Language Models: Tracking Emotive States Across Conversationcited by 1
- 2026Psychological Steering of Large Language Modelscited by 1
Built on by
Not cited yet.