Tokenizer-Agnostic Engram Module
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Abstract (arXiv)
Deepseek's Engram, a conditional memory module, was introduced to trade-off storage versus reasoning in large language models. However, the module relies on token-level N-gram hashing for Engram embedding lookup, introducing a tight coupling to the tokenizer used: a model with a different tokenizer would have to train its own Engram embeddings from scratch. To improve the reusability of Engram embeddings, we propose a change to the hashing routine, enabling compatibility between Engram models using different tokenizers. Instead of modelling disjoint N-gram spaces, we treat N-gram as a method to sample potentially useful byte sequences, from all possible byte sequences across tokens. We replace the XOR-based hashing with the general polynomial hashing with a joint embedding space across N. This work investigates the possible trade-offs and shows that this simple substitution produces comparable performance and achieves tokenizer-agnosticism: hash equivalence for byte-equivalent token sequences.
Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 20 of its 36 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 31 Jul 2026.
Builds on
20 of 36 references.
References · 20
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- 2024Gated Delta Networks: Improving Mamba2 with Delta Rulecited by 483
8 more
- 2024Infini-gram: Scaling Unbounded n-gram Language Models to a Trillion Tokenscited by 148
- 2025SuperBPE: Space Travel for Language Modelscited by 58
- 2017Hash Embeddings for Efficient Word Representationscited by 54
- 2025Boundless Byte Pair Encoding: Breaking the Pre-tokenization Barriercited by 31
- 2024Evaluating n-Gram Novelty of Language Models Using Rusty-DAWGcited by 24
- 2024Understanding Transformers via N-gram Statisticscited by 23
- 2024Zyda-2: a 5 Trillion Token High-Quality Datasetcited by 12
- 2026Lngram: N-gram Conditional Memory in Latent Spacecited by 3
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.
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- 2025Binary BPE: A Family of Cross-Platform Tokenizers for Binary Analysis
- 2025Back to Bytes: Revisiting Tokenization Through UTF-8
- 2026Does Engram Do Memory Retrieval in Autoregressive Image Generation?
- 2025Cramming 1568 Tokens into a Single Vector and Back Again: Exploring the Limits of Embedding Space Capacity
- 2026EngramEdit: Decoupled Knowledge Updates in LLMs through Conditional Memory
- 2026TF-Engram: A Train-Free Engram with SSD-Backed Memory for Large Language Models
- 2024HashEvict: A Pre-Attention KV Cache Eviction Strategy using Locality-Sensitive Hashing