Is Energy Guidance All You Need? Training-Free Norm Injection for Driving World Models
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Abstract (arXiv)
Driving world models built on large video-diffusion backbones generate realistic scenes but are hard to control: enforcing a traffic norm typically means retraining the backbone or conditioning it on hand-built layouts. We ask whether controllability requires training at all. Our experiment shows that a rectified-flow driving world model, which jointly generates future video and a planned ego trajectory, can have its planned trajectory steered entirely at sampling time by differentiable energy functions that encode driving norms, without knowledge-specific retraining of the diffusion backbone. Concretely, we demonstrate that a world model built on Open-Sora 2.0 MM-DiT backbone can be steered to brake at a counterfactual target by injecting energy guidance at sampling time. However, we find that the generated video does not yet follow the steered trajectory through the backbone's joint self-attention and identify the cross-stream coupling as a crucial requirement for end-to-end-controllable rollouts.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in World models for autonomous driving, one of 11 directions in World models. Builds on 32 of its 33 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 12 Jul 2026.
Builds on
32 of 33 references.
Closest ancestors · 7
Same direction, newest first
- 2025DriveLaW:Unifying Planning and Video Generation in a Latent Driving World29 Dec
- 2025Epona: Autoregressive Diffusion World Model for Autonomous Driving30 Jun
- 2025GAIA-2: A Controllable Multi-View Generative World Model for Autonomous Driving26 Mar
- 2024Vista: A Generalizable Driving World Model with High Fidelity and Versatile Controllability27 May
- 2023Driving into the Future: Multiview Visual Forecasting and Planning with World Model for Autonomous Driving29 Nov
- 2023GAIA-1: A Generative World Model for Autonomous Driving29 Sep
- 2023DriveDreamer: Towards Real-world-driven World Models for Autonomous Driving18 Sep
Other references · 25
- 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,380
- 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 9,122
- 2022Classifier-Free Diffusion Guidancecited by 5,847
- 2022Flow Matching for Generative Modelingcited by 5,702
- 2019nuScenes: A multimodal dataset for autonomous drivingcited by 4,523
- 2022Flow Straight and Fast: Learning to Generate and Transfer Data with Rectified Flowcited by 3,700
- 2022Diffusion Posterior Sampling for General Noisy Inverse Problemscited by 1,416
- 2018Towards Accurate Generative Models of Video: A New Metric & Challengescited by 1,234
- 2023Stochastic Interpolants: A Unifying Framework for Flows and Diffusionscited by 939
- 2022Compositional Visual Generation with Composable Diffusion Modelscited by 624
- 2023MotionCtrl: A Unified and Flexible Motion Controller for Video Generationcited by 580
- 2023Universal Guidance for Diffusion Modelscited by 437
13 more
- 2023FreeDoM: Training-Free Energy-Guided Conditional Diffusion Modelcited by 294
- 2023DragNUWA: Fine-grained Control in Video Generation by Integrating Text, Image, and Trajectorycited by 264
- 2023Reduce, Reuse, Recycle: Compositional Generation with Energy-Based Diffusion Models and MCMCcited by 220
- 2022Guided Conditional Diffusion for Controllable Traffic Simulationcited by 190
- 2025Open-Sora 2.0: Training a Commercial-Level Video Generation Model in 200kcited by 163
- 2023Manifold Preserving Guided Diffusioncited by 157
- 2025Diffusion-Based Planning for Autonomous Driving with Flexible Guidancecited by 141
- 2023Language-Guided Traffic Simulation via Scene-Level Diffusioncited by 111
- 2024Boximator: Generating Rich and Controllable Motions for Video Synthesiscited by 107
- 2024TFG: Unified Training-Free Guidance for Diffusion Modelscited by 107
- 2025On the Guidance of Flow Matchingcited by 45
- 2025GuideFlow: Constraint-Guided Flow Matching for Planning in End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 22
- 2025Frame Guidance: Training-Free Guidance for Frame-Level Control in Video Diffusion Modelscited by 11
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