JuZhou 1.0 Technical Report: The First Edge-Native Text-to-Image Foundation Model Trained Entirely on China-Developed AI Accelerators
On the map: Diffusion models → Image generation, text-to-image and editing
Abstract (arXiv)
Text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models typically require substantial computational resources and cloud infrastructure, posing significant challenges for edge deployment in terms of latency, cost, and user privacy. We present JuZhou 1.0, an ultra-lightweight T2I foundation model designed for fully offline, on-device execution. JuZhou 1.0 achieves its efficiency through four key designs: (1) a compact image-generation backbone consisting of a 0.385B-parameter denoising U-Net and a 1.90M-parameter distilled decoder, totaling approximately 0.387B parameters; (2) Rectified Flow training combined with DMD2 distillation, reducing inference to 4 sampling steps; (3) Chinese semantic alignment trained on 9M curated image-text pairs, enabling direct Chinese prompting without external translation at inference time; and (4) a training and distillation pipeline completed on domestically developed Sugon K100 AI accelerators without relying on NVIDIA GPUs for training or distillation. Despite its compact scale, the 28-step base model of JuZhou 1.0 achieves an overall GenEval score of 0.69, outperforming published baselines including SDXL (2.6B, 0.55), SD3-Medium (2B, 0.62), and IF-XL (4.3B, 0.61). We further validate the full poetry-to-image pipeline on Android and the core CLIP-U-Net-VAE generation branch on iOS. On a smartphone powered by the Snapdragon 8 Elite Gen 5 Mobile Platform, the 4-step U-Net denoising branch runs in approximately 1.6 seconds, while the full Android poetry-to-image pipeline takes 4.5 seconds with on-device prompt refinement on Xiaomi 17 Pro Max. These results position JuZhou 1.0 as a practical approach to mobile text-to-image generation and provide a concrete reference for Chinese-native generation, domestic-compute training, and fully offline on-device deployment after one-time installation.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Image generation, text-to-image and editing, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 36 of its 43 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Jun 2026.
Builds on
36 of 43 references.
Closest ancestors · 11
Same direction, newest first
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- 2024Playground v2.5: Three Insights towards Enhancing Aesthetic Quality in Text-to-Image Generation27 Feb
- 2023MobileDiffusion: Instant Text-to-Image Generation on Mobile Devices28 Nov
- 2023GenEval: An Object-Focused Framework for Evaluating Text-to-Image Alignment17 Oct
- 2023PAI-Diffusion: Constructing and Serving a Family of Open Chinese Diffusion Models for Text-to-image Synthesis on the Cloud11 Sep
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- 2022DreamBooth: Fine Tuning Text-to-Image Diffusion Models for Subject-Driven Generation25 Aug
- 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understanding23 May
- 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latents13 Apr
Other references · 25
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
- 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
- 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,084
- 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,195
- 2022Scalable Diffusion Models with Transformerscited by 5,931
- 2023SDXL: Improving Latent Diffusion Models for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,290
- 2022LAION-5B: An open large-scale dataset for training next generation image-text modelscited by 4,131
- 2024Scaling Rectified Flow Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,094
- 2022Flow Straight and Fast: Learning to Generate and Transfer Data with Rectified Flowcited by 3,550
- 2022An Image is Worth One Word: Personalizing Text-to-Image Generation using Textual Inversioncited by 2,231
- 2023AnimateDiff: Animate Your Personalized Text-to-Image Diffusion Models without Specific Tuningcited by 1,418
- 2022Reproducible scaling laws for contrastive language-image learningcited by 1,163
13 more
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- 2023Rethinking FID: Towards a Better Evaluation Metric for Image Generationcited by 303
- 2024Long-CLIP: Unlocking the Long-Text Capability of CLIPcited by 298
- 2023Q-Diffusion: Quantizing Diffusion Modelscited by 266
- 2023LCM-LoRA: A Universal Stable-Diffusion Acceleration Modulecited by 211
- 2024Lumina-Next: Making Lumina-T2X Stronger and Faster with Next-DiTcited by 130
- 2022Chinese CLIP: Contrastive Vision-Language Pretraining in Chinesecited by 108
- 2020MNN: A Universal and Efficient Inference Enginecited by 64
- 2025Low-bit Model Quantization for Deep Neural Networks: A Surveycited by 11
- 2024Taiyi-Diffusion-XL: Advancing Bilingual Text-to-Image Generation with Large Vision-Language Model Supportcited by 10
- 2025Accelerating Diffusion Model Training under Minimal Budgets: A Condensation-Based Perspectivecited by 7
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