Position: Coding Benchmarks Are Misaligned with Agentic Software Engineering
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Software engineering coding agents
Abstract (arXiv)
Coding agents have become a major mode of software engineering, but the benchmarks we use to compare them were designed in a pre-agent era: they collapse model, harness, and environment into a single end-to-end score, typically computed against one reference solution, with no component-level signal for iteration. We argue that current coding benchmarks are misaligned with agentic software engineering. A coding agent in practice is not a model: it is a system harness -- a composite of models, harnesses, contexts, environments, and feedback signals, any one of which can move the benchmark score by margins comparable to those between adjacent model generations. We discuss three symptoms: (i) benchmark scores conflate the model with the rest of the harness; (ii) grading against a single reference solution penalises equally valid alternatives; and (iii) the absence of signal at the level of individual harness components makes the end-to-end system score difficult to iterate on.
Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Software engineering coding agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 23 of its 53 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Jun 2026.
Builds on
23 of 53 references.
Closest ancestors · 4
Same direction, newest first
- 2026SWE-rebench V2: Language-Agnostic SWE Task Collection at Scale27 Feb
- 2025Agentic Software Engineering: Foundational Pillars and a Research Roadmap7 Sep
- 2024OpenHands: An Open Platform for AI Software Developers as Generalist Agents23 Jul
- 2024SWE-agent: Agent-Computer Interfaces Enable Automated Software Engineering6 May
Other references · 19
- 2021Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Codecited by 8,320
- 2021Program Synthesis with Large Language Modelscited by 3,637
- 2024LiveCodeBench: Holistic and Contamination Free Evaluation of Large Language Models for Codecited by 2,004
- 2024τ-bench: A Benchmark for Tool-Agent-User Interaction in Real-World Domainscited by 1,402
- 2023AgentBench: Evaluating LLMs as Agentscited by 1,267
- 2020Beyond Accuracy: Behavioral Testing of NLP models with CheckListcited by 1,006
- 2024BigCodeBench: Benchmarking Code Generation with Diverse Function Calls and Complex Instructionscited by 546
- 2026Meta-Harness: End-to-End Optimization of Model Harnessescited by 309
- 2019Measurement and Fairnesscited by 308
- 2025SWE-Bench Pro: Can AI Agents Solve Long-Horizon Software Engineering Tasks?cited by 279
- 2024SWE-bench Multimodal: Do AI Systems Generalize to Visual Software Domains?cited by 203
- 2024RE-Bench: Evaluating frontier AI R&D capabilities of language model agents against human expertscited by 175
7 more
- 2025SWE-Lancer: Can Frontier LLMs Earn 1 Million from Real-World Freelance Software Engineering?cited by 105
- 2024SWE-Bench+: Enhanced Coding Benchmark for LLMscited by 99
- 2025Position: Evaluating Generative AI Systems Is a Social Science Measurement Challengecited by 63
- 2026ProgramBench: Can Language Models Rebuild Programs From Scratch?cited by 59
- 2025The SWE-Bench Illusion: When State-of-the-Art LLMs Remember Instead of Reasoncited by 49
- 2026PEEK: Context Map as an Orientation Cache for Long-Context LLM Agentscited by 4
- 2026DecisionBench: A Benchmark for Emergent Delegation in Long-Horizon Agentic Workflowscited by 2
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 3.
3 papers.
- 2026Beyond Code Generation: Reliability, Verification, and Cost Economics in the Agentic Software Development Lifecyclecited by 1
- 2026Coding Agents Have Converged: Why the SWE-bench Leaderboard Can No Longer Order Its Top Entries, and What to Measure Insteadcited by 0
- 2026What Makes a Terminal-Bench Task Hard? Separating Genuine Hardness from Fake-Hardness on an Adjudicated Agentic Corpuscited by 0
- 2026What Makes a Terminal-Bench Task Hard? Separating Genuine Hardness from Fake-Hardness on an Adjudicated Agentic Corpus20 Sep 2026
- 2026Coding Agents Have Converged: Why the SWE-bench Leaderboard Can No Longer Order Its Top Entries, and What to Measure Instead15 Sep 2026
- 2026Beyond Code Generation: Reliability, Verification, and Cost Economics in the Agentic Software Development Lifecycle4 Sep 2026
Similar, not cited
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- 2026PERFOPT-Bench: Evaluating Coding Agents on Software Performance Optimization
- 2026Don't Blame the Large Language Model: How Agent Harness Evolution Shapes Coding Agent Quality
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- 2026EvoCode-Bench: Evaluating Coding Agents in Multi-Turn Iterative Interactions
- 2026Beyond Resolution Rates: Behavioral Drivers of Coding Agent Success and Failure