mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Diffusion Forcing Planner: History-Annealed Planning with Time-Dependent Guidance for Autonomous Driving

arXiv 2606.11019 ↗First posted 9 Jun 2026cs.RO cs.AIcited by 2

On the map: End-to-end autonomous driving → Imitation-learning end-to-end planners

Abstract (arXiv)

Learning-based motion planners, despite recent progress, often suffer from temporal inconsistency. Small perturbations across frames can accumulate into unstable trajectories, degrading comfort and safety in closed-loop driving. Several methods attempt to inject history as a static conditioning signal to stabilize outputs, only to induce the planner to copy historical patterns instead of adapting to environment contexts. To address this limitation, we propose Diffusion Forcing Planner (DFP), a diffusion-based planning framework driven by history-guided control. Specifically, DFP decomposes the full trajectory into history, current and future segments, and assign independent noise levels to each segment. The model jointly denoises the historical and the future segments, enforcing a heterogeneous joint diffusion process. At inference, classifier-free guidance (CFG) is applied to steer future sampling using annealed history in a controllable manner. Closed-loop evaluation and comprehensive ablations on nuPlan show that DFP achieves competitive performance while producing continuous, stable, and controllable motion plans in complex driving scenarios.

Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Imitation-learning end-to-end planners, one of 9 directions in End-to-end autonomous driving. Builds on 39 of its 42 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Jun 2026.

Builds on

39 of 42 references.

Closest ancestors · 8

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025Flow Matching-Based Autonomous Driving Planning with Advanced Interactive Behavior Modeling13 Oct
  2. 2025CoPlanner: An Interactive Motion Planner with Contingency-Aware Diffusion for Autonomous Driving21 Sep
  3. 2025GoalFlow: Goal-Driven Flow Matching for Multimodal Trajectories Generation in End-to-End Autonomous Driving7 Mar
  4. 2025Diffusion-Based Planning for Autonomous Driving with Flexible Guidance26 Jan
  5. 2024PLUTO: Pushing the Limit of Imitation Learning-based Planning for Autonomous Driving22 Apr
  6. 2024VADv2: End-to-End Vectorized Autonomous Driving via Probabilistic Planning20 Feb
  7. 2023GameFormer: Game-theoretic Modeling and Learning of Transformer-based Interactive Prediction and Planning for Autonomous Driving10 Mar
  8. 2021Urban Driver: Learning to Drive from Real-world Demonstrations Using Policy Gradients27 Sep

Other references · 31

  1. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 21,076
  2. 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 9,122
  3. 2022Classifier-Free Diffusion Guidancecited by 5,847
  4. 2023Diffusion Policy: Visuomotor Policy Learning via Action Diffusioncited by 2,838
  5. 2024π0: A Vision-Language-Action Flow Model for General Robot Controlcited by 2,407
  6. 2022DPM-Solver: A Fast ODE Solver for Diffusion Probabilistic Model Sampling in Around 10 Stepscited by 1,979
  7. 2025π0.5: a Vision-Language-Action Model with Open-World Generalizationcited by 1,761
  8. 2022Planning with Diffusion for Flexible Behavior Synthesiscited by 1,061
  9. 2021What Matters in Learning from Offline Human Demonstrations for Robot Manipulationcited by 725
  10. 2023VAD: Vectorized Scene Representation for Efficient Autonomous Drivingcited by 622
  11. 2022Is Conditional Generative Modeling all you need for Decision-Making?cited by 516
  12. 2021NuPlan: A closed-loop ML-based planning benchmark for autonomous vehiclescited by 493
19 more
  1. 2023End-to-end Autonomous Driving: Challenges and Frontierscited by 490
  2. 2022TransFuser: Imitation with Transformer-Based Sensor Fusion for Autonomous Drivingcited by 485
  3. 2018ChauffeurNet: Learning to Drive by Imitating the Best and Synthesizing the Worstcited by 397
  4. 2019Causal Confusion in Imitation Learningcited by 288
  5. 2018Learning to Drive in a Daycited by 273
  6. 2024Hydra-MDP: End-to-end Multimodal Planning with Multi-target Hydra-Distillationcited by 249
  7. 2023Parting with Misconceptions about Learning-based Vehicle Motion Planningcited by 242
  8. 2023Is Ego Status All You Need for Open-Loop End-to-End Autonomous Driving?cited by 242
  9. 2024EMMA: End-to-End Multimodal Model for Autonomous Drivingcited by 231
  10. 2025Real-Time Execution of Action Chunking Flow Policiescited by 216
  11. 2025History-Guided Video Diffusioncited by 171
  12. 2024Mixture-of-Transformers: A Sparse and Scalable Architecture for Multi-Modal Foundation Modelscited by 163
  13. 2024DrivingGPT: Unifying Driving World Modeling and Planning with Multi-modal Autoregressive Transformerscited by 96
  14. 2024Diffusion-VLA: Generalizable and Interpretable Robot Foundation Model via Self-Generated Reasoningcited by 57
  15. 2024Bidirectional Decoding: Improving Action Chunking via Guided Test-Time Samplingcited by 52
  16. 2025Streaming Flow Policy: Simplifying diffusion/flow-matching policies by treating action trajectories as flow trajectoriescited by 39
  17. 2025Learning Long-Context Diffusion Policies via Past-Token Predictioncited by 30
  18. 2024Generalizing Motion Planners with Mixture of Experts for Autonomous Drivingcited by 22
  19. 2025DiffE2E: Rethinking End-to-End Driving with a Hybrid Action Diffusion and Supervised Policycited by 9

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 2.

2 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026Temporally Decoupled Diffusion Planning for Autonomous Driving
  2. 2026Learning to Explain While Planning: Rule-Aligned Diffusion Planning for Autonomous Driving
  3. 2026One Diffusion Model, Two Roles: Guided Trajectory Planning and Safety-Critical Scenario Generation in Closed-Loop Simulation
  4. 2024Diffusion-ES: Gradient-free Planning with Diffusion for Autonomous Driving and Zero-Shot Instruction Following
  5. 2026G2DP: Diffusion Planning with Spatio-Temporal Grid Guidance
  6. 2026HAD: Combining Hierarchical Diffusion with Metric-Decoupled RL for End-to-End Driving
  7. 2026DiffuSearch: How Hybrid Trajectory Planning Benefits from Aligned Objectives in Diffusion and Action Space
  8. 2025LAP: Fast LAtent Diffusion Planner for Autonomous Driving