mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Self-Evaluation Is Already There: Eliciting Latent Judge Calibration in Base LLMs with Minimal Data

arXiv 2606.05122 ↗First posted 3 Jun 2026cs.CLcited by 1

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Abstract (arXiv)

Large language models are increasingly evaluated by other models, raising a natural question: can a model predict how a judge will score its own output? We find that the ability is largely present before any targeted training: prompted few-shot, a base model already predicts an external judge's multi-attribute quality scores on open-ended responses well above chance across three benchmarks. We introduce Self-Evaluation Elicitation (SEE), a method that surfaces this latent ability through a short cycle comprising a calibration-coupled reinforcement learning phase that improves the answer and predicts the judge, followed by a masked distillation phase that sharpens the prediction while leaving the answer untouched. From 160 unique examples, roughly 31x fewer than a reinforcement learning baseline, SEE improves held-out calibration across three benchmarks while preserving answer quality. The elicited self-evaluation is sharply localized within the model's own token distribution and stable across judges it was never trained against, indicating a transferable notion of quality rather than a single judge's preference. These results reframe judge-aligned self-evaluation as a problem of elicitation rather than acquisition.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 26 of its 47 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Jun 2026.

Builds on

26 of 47 references.

References · 26

  1. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,712
  2. 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 8,851
  3. 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,393
  4. 2025s1: Simple test-time scalingcited by 1,311
  5. 2025Does Reinforcement Learning Really Incentivize Reasoning Capacity in LLMs Beyond the Base Model?cited by 948
  6. 2024Length-Controlled AlpacaEval: A Simple Way to Debias Automatic Evaluatorscited by 865
  7. 2023On-Policy Distillation of Language Models: Learning from Self-Generated Mistakescited by 840
  8. 2023RAFT: Reward rAnked FineTuning for Generative Foundation Model Alignmentcited by 672
  9. 2023RLAIF vs. RLHF: Scaling Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback with AI Feedbackcited by 615
  10. 2025LIMO: Less is More for Reasoningcited by 488
  11. 2023Reinforced Self-Training (ReST) for Language Modelingcited by 486
  12. 2024From Crowdsourced Data to High-Quality Benchmarks: Arena-Hard and BenchBuilder Pipelinecited by 484
14 more
  1. 2023Beyond Human Data: Scaling Self-Training for Problem-Solving with Language Modelscited by 325
  2. 2024HelpSteer2: Open-source dataset for training top-performing reward modelscited by 232
  3. 2024WildBench: Benchmarking LLMs with Challenging Tasks from Real Users in the Wildcited by 211
  4. 2025Beyond Binary Rewards: Training LMs to Reason About Their Uncertaintycited by 107
  5. 2026PALM: Progress-Aware Policy Learning via Affordance Reasoning for Long-Horizon Robotic Manipulationcited by 20
  6. 2025Learning Human-Perceived Fakeness in AI-Generated Videos via Multimodal LLMscited by 16
  7. 2025AlphaAlign: Incentivizing Safety Alignment with Extremely Simplified Reinforcement Learningcited by 14
  8. 2026Don't Act Blindly: Robust GUI Automation via Action-Effect Verification and Self-Correctioncited by 14
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  11. 2026How Order-Sensitive Are LLMs? OrderProbe for Deterministic Structural Reconstructioncited by 9
  12. 2026PAPO: Stabilizing Rubric Integration Training via Decoupled Advantage Normalizationcited by 8
  13. 2025Post-Completion Learning for Language Modelscited by 2
  14. 2026ExpThink: Experience-Guided Reinforcement Learning for Adaptive Chain-of-Thought Compressioncited by 2

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