mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

HoloFair: Unified T2I Fairness Evaluation and Fair-GRPO Debiasing

arXiv 2605.24687 ↗First posted 23 May 2026cs.CV cs.AIcited by 1

On the map: LLM reasoning → Multimodal reasoning

Abstract (arXiv)

Text-to-Image (T2I) models have made significant strides in visual realism and semantic consistency, yet they often perpetuate and amplify societal biases. Existing evaluation methods typically address only single-dimensional biases, lacking perspectives to uncover model biases at social-related deeper semantic levels. We introduce HoloFair, a comprehensive benchmark framework for multidimensional demographic bias analysis. Built upon our large-scale fairness-oriented dataset and the SpaFreq (Spatial-Frequency) attribute classifier, this framework proposes the Multi-attribute, Group-wise Bias Index (MGBI) metric, designed to assess both intrinsic diversity and conditional biases. Beyond evaluation, we further introduce Fair-GRPO, a reinforcement-learning-based debiasing method that alters the distribution of generative models through a designed multi-objective reward function. E.g., experiments on the SD3.5-Medium model demonstrate that Fair-GRPO significantly improves multidimensional fairness while maintaining high image quality. We also analyze potential reward hacking phenomena and provide corresponding mitigation strategies. Code and dataset are available at https://github.com/1059684669/HoloFair

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 41 of its 50 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 May 2026.

Builds on

41 of 50 references.

Closest ancestors · 1

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2022DALL-Eval: Probing the Reasoning Skills and Social Biases of Text-to-Image Generation Models8 Feb

Other references · 40

  1. 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 30,186
  2. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 21,076
  3. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,863
  4. 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,781
  5. 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understandingcited by 6,355
  6. 2023SDXL: Improving Latent Diffusion Models for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,356
  7. 2024Scaling Rectified Flow Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,181
  8. 2025Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilitiescited by 3,796
  9. 2022Prompt-to-Prompt Image Editing with Cross Attention Controlcited by 2,431
  10. 2021CLIPScore: A Reference-free Evaluation Metric for Image Captioningcited by 2,424
  11. 2022DINO: DETR with Improved DeNoising Anchor Boxes for End-to-End Object Detectioncited by 1,319
  12. 2023ImageReward: Learning and Evaluating Human Preferences for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 1,045
28 more
  1. 2023Pick-a-Pic: An Open Dataset of User Preferences for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 977
  2. 2025Emerging Properties in Unified Multimodal Pretrainingcited by 897
  3. 2024Show-o: One Single Transformer to Unify Multimodal Understanding and Generationcited by 752
  4. 2025Flow-GRPO: Training Flow Matching Models via Online RLcited by 661
  5. 2023Unified Concept Editing in Diffusion Modelscited by 388
  6. 2022Easily Accessible Text-to-Image Generation Amplifies Demographic Stereotypes at Large Scalecited by 262
  7. 2023Stable Bias: Analyzing Societal Representations in Diffusion Modelscited by 226
  8. 2025SANA 1.5: Efficient Scaling of Training-Time and Inference-Time Compute in Linear Diffusion Transformercited by 165
  9. 2023Fair Diffusion: Instructing Text-to-Image Generation Models on Fairnesscited by 151
  10. 2023Debiasing Vision-Language Models via Biased Promptscited by 149
  11. 2023Editing Implicit Assumptions in Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 130
  12. 2019Fair Generative Modeling via Weak Supervisioncited by 114
  13. 2023Finetuning Text-to-Image Diffusion Models for Fairnesscited by 92
  14. 2025Harmonizing Visual Representations for Unified Multimodal Understanding and Generationcited by 74
  15. 2023Self-Discovering Interpretable Diffusion Latent Directions for Responsible Text-to-Image Generationcited by 69
  16. 2025BLIP3o-NEXT: Next Frontier of Native Image Generationcited by 54
  17. 2024Balancing Act: Distribution-Guided Debiasing in Diffusion Modelscited by 52
  18. 2018Racial categories in machine learningcited by 48
  19. 2025T2ISafety: Benchmark for Assessing Fairness, Toxicity, and Privacy in Image Generationcited by 48
  20. 2021One Label, One Billion Faces: Usage and Consistency of Racial Categories in Computer Visioncited by 33
  21. 2021Measuring Fairness in Generative Modelscited by 31
  22. 2023Fair Text-to-Image Diffusion via Fair Mappingcited by 31
  23. 2022Debiasing Methods for Fairer Neural Models in Vision and Language Research: A Surveycited by 22
  24. 2024Bias in Generative AIcited by 19
  25. 2025LightFair: Towards an Efficient Alternative for Fair T2I Diffusion via Debiasing Pre-trained Text Encoderscited by 16
  26. 2025Fair Generation without Unfair Distortions: Debiasing Text-to-Image Generation with Entanglement-Free Attentioncited by 9
  27. 2024Exploring the Boundaries of Content Moderation in Text-to-Image Generationcited by 4
  28. 2026Fair in Mind, Fair in Action? A Synchronous Benchmark for Understanding and Generation in UMLLMscited by 1

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Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.

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  1. 2025A Framework for Benchmarking Fairness-Utility Trade-offs in Text-to-Image Models via Pareto Frontiers
  2. 2025FairImagen: Post-Processing for Bias Mitigation in Text-to-Image Models
  3. 2024Bias Begets Bias: The Impact of Biased Embeddings on Diffusion Models
  4. 2026Debias Anything: Fairness with Diversity without Supervision in Diffusion Models
  5. 2025BiasMap: Leveraging Cross-Attentions to Discover and Mitigate Hidden Social Biases in Text-to-Image Generation
  6. 2025Debiasing Diffusion Model: Enhancing Fairness through Latent Representation Learning in Stable Diffusion Model
  7. 2026Benchmarking Bias Mitigation Toward Fairness Without Harm from Vision to LVLMs
  8. 2026T2I-BiasBench: A Multi-Metric Framework for Auditing Demographic and Cultural Bias in Text-to-Image Models