Steins;Gate Drive: Semantic Safety Arbitration over Structured Futures for Latency-Decoupled LLM Planning
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Abstract (arXiv)
Cloud-hosted LLM driver agents provide useful semantic judgments, but their inference latency exceeds stepwise vehicle-control windows. Learned world models predict futures, but they usually keep future generation and action selection inside large coupled loops. We present SteinsGateDrive, a latency-decoupled planner-runtime architecture in which the worldline metaphor from the eponymous story names one plausible consequence of an intervention: the LLM selects counterfactual driving futures before the final control instant, and a runtime reuses the selected forecast only while safety contracts remain valid. The generator builds three world-line roles: alpha nominal ego-conditioned futures, beta interaction counterfactuals around nearby vehicles, and gamma hazard-stress futures such as braking, cut-ins, or blocked corridors. The selected branch becomes a typed StrategicForecast with horizon, validity/abort conditions, fallback, and authority. On a within-subject, matched-seed normal-highway protocol with 10 seeds and 20 steps, GPT-5.4 mini reduces effective lag from +3.07 s at 1-second horizon to -0.01 s at 4-second horizon while preserving the measured no-collision safety boundary. The architecture's safety contribution comes from the atom-predicate runtime check, not from the drift score, which functions as a refresh-frequency knob.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 22 of its 29 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 May 2026.
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22 of 29 references.
References · 22
- 2019Dream to Control: Learning Behaviors by Latent Imaginationcited by 1,653
- 2018World Modelscited by 1,513
- 2022Planning-oriented Autonomous Drivingcited by 1,087
- 2023GAIA-1: A Generative World Model for Autonomous Drivingcited by 637
- 2023VAD: Vectorized Scene Representation for Efficient Autonomous Drivingcited by 622
- 2023DriveGPT4: Interpretable End-to-end Autonomous Driving via Large Language Modelcited by 461
- 2023GPT-Driver: Learning to Drive with GPTcited by 347
- 2023DriveDreamer: Towards Real-world-driven World Models for Autonomous Drivingcited by 261
- 2024GenAD: Generative End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 225
- 2023DiLu: A Knowledge-Driven Approach to Autonomous Driving with Large Language Modelscited by 207
- 2024DriveDreamer-2: LLM-Enhanced World Models for Diverse Driving Video Generationcited by 191
- 2024Enhancing End-to-End Autonomous Driving with Latent World Modelcited by 166
10 more
- 2017On a Formal Model of Safe and Scalable Self-driving Carscited by 131
- 2023Copilot4D: Learning Unsupervised World Models for Autonomous Driving via Discrete Diffusioncited by 106
- 2025World4Drive: End-to-End Autonomous Driving via Intention-aware Physical Latent World Modelcited by 95
- 2024Driving in the Occupancy World: Vision-Centric 4D Occupancy Forecasting and Planning via World Models for Autonomous Drivingcited by 69
- 2025A Survey of World Models for Autonomous Drivingcited by 60
- 2025Distilling Multi-modal Large Language Models for Autonomous Drivingcited by 46
- 2026DriveWorld-VLA: Unified Latent-Space World Modeling with Vision-Language-Action for Autonomous Drivingcited by 37
- 2025CoT-Drive: Efficient Motion Forecasting for Autonomous Driving with LLMs and Chain-of-Thought Promptingcited by 26
- 2024LLM4AD: Large Language Models for Autonomous Driving -- Concept, Review, Benchmark, Experiments, and Future Trendscited by 10
- 2025LeAD: The LLM Enhanced Planning System Converged with End-to-end Autonomous Drivingcited by 5
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- 2023LLM-Assist: Enhancing Closed-Loop Planning with Language-Based Reasoning
- 2026From Prompts to Pavement Through Time: Temporal Grounding in Agentic Scene-to-Plan Reasoning
- 2026SafeDrive: Fine-Grained Safety Reasoning for End-to-End Driving in a Sparse World
- 2025Planning Safety Trajectories with Dual-Phase, Physics-Informed, and Transportation Knowledge-Driven Large Language Models
- 2026PLAN-S: Bridging Planning with Latent Style Dynamics for Autonomous Driving World Models
- 2026AnchorDrive: LLM Scenario Rollout with Anchor-Guided Diffusion Regeneration for Safety-Critical Scenario Generation
- 2026Bridging Large-Model Reasoning and Real-Time Control via Agentic Fast-Slow Planning
- 2025SafeMind: Benchmarking and Mitigating Safety Risks in Embodied LLM Agents