mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Pairwise Preference Reward and Group-Based Diversity Enhancement for Superior Open-Ended Generation

arXiv 2605.18191 ↗First posted 18 May 2026cs.AIcited by 0

On the map: LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation → Reward modeling and RLHF

Abstract (arXiv)

Current reinforcement learning(RL) methods are broadly applicable and powerful in verifiable settings where scalar rewards can be provided. However, in open-ended generation tasks, verifying the correctness of responses remains challenging, and training reward models incurs substantial computational and annotation costs. Moreover, reinforcement learning (RLVR) often leads to diversity collapse and produces stereotypical or rigid outputs, outcomes that are particularly undesirable in open-domain scenarios. We propose Pairwise Preference Reward and Group-based Diversity Enhancement (PPR-GDE), a RL method that is more suitable for open-ended generation. PPR-GDE does not require scalar rewards and incorporates group-level diversity into the reward signal, it preserves the comparative structure of subjective evaluation through a pairwise preference reward, mitigates judge position bias via repeated comparisons with swapped response order, and introduces a group-based diversity reward that explicitly encourages semantic dispersion within a response group, all of these reward signals are integrated into a unified group-relative policy optimization objective. We instantiate PPR-GDE on role-playing task, experiments show that PPR-GDE achieves a better alignment quality as well as expressive diversity than strong RL baselines. Further analysis shows that pairwise preference is critical for preference alignment in subjective perspective, while the diversity metric plays an essential role in achieving superior expressive diversity and broader semantic coverage.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Reward modeling and RLHF, one of 10 directions in LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation. Builds on 20 of its 20 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 May 2026.

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20 of 20 references.

Closest ancestors · 4

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025A Unified Pairwise Framework for RLHF: Bridging Generative Reward Modeling and Policy Optimization7 Apr
  2. 2023Pairwise Proximal Policy Optimization: Harnessing Relative Feedback for LLM Alignment30 Sep
  3. 2023Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Model29 May
  4. 2017Deep reinforcement learning from human preferences12 Jun

Other references · 16

  1. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,712
  2. 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 14,441
  3. 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 8,851
  4. 2019The Curious Case of Neural Text Degenerationcited by 2,881
  5. 2025DAPO: An Open-Source LLM Reinforcement Learning System at Scalecited by 2,678
  6. 2020Learning to summarize from human feedbackcited by 2,562
  7. 2015A Diversity-Promoting Objective Function for Neural Conversation Modelscited by 1,068
  8. 2025Group Sequence Policy Optimizationcited by 788
  9. 2025The Entropy Mechanism of Reinforcement Learning for Reasoning Language Modelscited by 463
  10. 2025Reasoning with Exploration: An Entropy Perspectivecited by 277
  11. 2024Judging the Judges: A Systematic Study of Position Bias in LLM-as-a-Judgecited by 249
  12. 2023RoleLLM: Benchmarking, Eliciting, and Enhancing Role-Playing Abilities of Large Language Modelscited by 173
4 more
  1. 2018Understanding the impact of entropy on policy optimizationcited by 171
  2. 2024CharacterEval: A Chinese Benchmark for Role-Playing Conversational Agent Evaluationcited by 139
  3. 2024Entropy-Regularized Token-Level Policy Optimization for Language Agent Reinforcementcited by 12
  4. 2024mCSQA: Multilingual Commonsense Reasoning Dataset with Unified Creation Strategy by Language Models and Humanscited by 10

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  1. 2026From Absolute to Relative: Rethinking Reward Shaping in Group-Based Reinforcement Learning
  2. 2026Group-Marginalized Self-Rewarding RL Drives Zero-Label Self-Evolving
  3. 2025SharedRep-RLHF: A Shared Representation Approach to RLHF with Diverse Preferences
  4. 2026Many Ways to Succeed: Diversity-Driven RL Fine-Tuning for VLA Generalization
  5. 2026Personalized Group Relative Policy Optimization for Heterogenous Preference Alignment
  6. 2026IRPM: Intergroup Relative Preference Modeling for Pointwise Generative Reward Models
  7. 2026GDPO: Group reward-Decoupled Normalization Policy Optimization for Multi-reward RL Optimization
  8. 2025PB2: Preference Space Exploration via Population-Based Methods in Preference-Based Reinforcement Learning