mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

InterLV-Search: Benchmarking Interleaved Multimodal Agentic Search

arXiv 2605.07510 ↗First posted 8 May 2026cs.CV cs.CL cs.IRcited by 4

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Multimodal and embodied agents

Abstract (arXiv)

Existing benchmarks for multimodal agentic search evaluate multimodal search and visual browsing, but visual evidence is either confined to the input or treated as an answer endpoint rather than part of an interleaved search trajectory. We introduce InterLV-Search, a benchmark for Interleaved Language-Vision Agentic Search, in which textual and visual evidence is repeatedly used to condition later search. It contains 2,061 examples across three levels: active visual evidence seeking, controlled offline interleaved multimodal search, and open-web interleaved multimodal search. Beyond existing benchmarks, it also includes multimodal multi-branch samples that involve comparison between multiple entities during the evidence search. We construct Level 1 and Level 2 with automated pipelines and Level 3 with a machine-led, human-supervised open-web pipeline. We further provide InterLV-Agent for standardized tool use, trajectory logging, and evaluation. Experiments on proprietary and open-source multimodal agents show that current systems remain far from solving interleaved multimodal search, with the best model below 50% overall accuracy, highlighting challenges in visual evidence seeking, search control, and multimodal evidence integration. We release the benchmark data and evaluation code at https://github.com/hbhalpha/InterLV-Search-Bench

Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal and embodied agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 33 of its 40 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 May 2026.

Builds on

33 of 40 references.

Closest ancestors · 8

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2026VisBrowse-Bench: Benchmarking Visual-Native Search for Multimodal Browsing Agents17 Mar
  2. 2026BrowseComp-V3: A Visual, Vertical, and Verifiable Benchmark for Multimodal Browsing Agents13 Feb
  3. 2026DeepImageSearch: Benchmarking Multimodal Agents for Context-Aware Image Retrieval in Visual Histories11 Feb
  4. 2026Kimi K2.5: Visual Agentic Intelligence2 Feb
  5. 2025SenseNova-MARS: Empowering Multimodal Agentic Reasoning and Search via Reinforcement Learning30 Dec
  6. 2025MMSearch-Plus: Benchmarking Provenance-Aware Search for Multimodal Browsing Agents29 Aug
  7. 2025MM-BrowseComp: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Multimodal Browsing Agents14 Aug
  8. 2025WebWatcher: Breaking New Frontier of Vision-Language Deep Research Agent7 Aug

Other references · 25

  1. 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,355
  2. 2025Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilitiescited by 3,655
  3. 2025Qwen3-VL Technical Reportcited by 2,534
  4. 2016Making the V in VQA Matter: Elevating the Role of Image Understanding in Visual Question Answeringcited by 2,498
  5. 2023WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agentscited by 1,908
  6. 2019OK-VQA: A Visual Question Answering Benchmark Requiring External Knowledgecited by 1,114
  7. 2025OpenAI GPT-5 System Cardcited by 910
  8. 2020How Much Knowledge Can You Pack Into the Parameters of a Language Model?cited by 713
  9. 2025BrowseComp: A Simple Yet Challenging Benchmark for Browsing Agentscited by 616
  10. 2025Search-o1: Agentic Search-Enhanced Large Reasoning Modelscited by 423
  11. 2025DeepResearch Bench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Deep Research Agentscited by 236
  12. 2025MMSearch-R1: Incentivizing LMMs to Searchcited by 120
13 more
  1. 2021WebQA: Multihop and Multimodal QAcited by 109
  2. 2024MMSearch: Benchmarking the Potential of Large Models as Multi-modal Search Enginescited by 98
  3. 2023Enhancing Conversational Search: Large Language Model-Aided Informative Query Rewritingcited by 69
  4. 2021Weakly-Supervised Visual-Retriever-Reader for Knowledge-based Question Answeringcited by 50
  5. 2025DeepMMSearch-R1: Empowering Multimodal LLMs in Multimodal Web Searchcited by 41
  6. 2026Vision-DeepResearch: Incentivizing DeepResearch Capability in Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 33
  7. 2026Vision-DeepResearch Benchmark: Rethinking Visual and Textual Search for Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 30
  8. 2025Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definitioncited by 29
  9. 2026MMDeepResearch-Bench: A Benchmark for Multimodal Deep Research Agentscited by 21
  10. 2025A Comprehensive Survey on Composed Image Retrievalcited by 17
  11. 2025Knowledge-based Visual Question Answer with Multimodal Processing, Retrieval and Filteringcited by 17
  12. 2024Multiple Heads are Better than One: Mixture of Modality Knowledge Experts for Entity Representation Learningcited by 13
  13. 2025From Easy to Hard: The MIR Benchmark for Progressive Interleaved Multi-Image Reasoningcited by 8

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 4.

4 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026MERRIN: A Benchmark for Multimodal Evidence Retrieval and Reasoning in Noisy Web Environments
  2. 2026Visual-Seeker: Towards Visual-Native Multimodal Agentic Search via Active Visual Reasoning
  3. 2026WeAgent-MMSearch: Native Text-Vision Interaction for Multimodal Search Agents
  4. 2026OpenSearch-VL: An Open Recipe for Frontier Multimodal Search Agents
  5. 2026Silent Failures in Multimodal Agentic Search:A Diagnostic Taxonomy and Cross-Judge Evaluation
  6. 2026SimpleSearch-VL: A Simple Recipe for Multimodal Agentic Deep Search
  7. 2026LiteSearch-VL: Small Multimodal Search Agents via Trajectory Distillation and Synthetic Step-DPO
  8. 2026ARK: A Dual-Axis Multimodal Retrieval Benchmark along Reasoning and Knowledge