mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Multimodal Language Models Cannot Spot Spatial Inconsistencies

arXiv 2604.00799 ↗First posted 1 Apr 2026cs.CV cs.CL cs.LGcited by 1

On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → Embodied and 3D vision-language models

Abstract (arXiv)

Spatial consistency is a fundamental property of the visual world and a key requirement for models that aim to understand physical reality. Despite recent advances, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) often struggle to reason about 3D geometry across multiple views. Rather than asking models to describe scene attributes, we introduce a more challenging task: given two views of the same scene, identify the object that violates 3D motion consistency. We propose a simple and scalable method for generating realistic, spatially inconsistent image pairs from multi-view scenes, enabling systematic evaluation of this capability. Our results show that state-of-the-art MLLMs significantly underperform human observers and exhibit substantial variability across different scene attributes, revealing a fragile and incomplete understanding of 3D structure. We hope our findings underscore the need for approaches that develop a more deeply grounded understanding of the physical world.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Embodied and 3D vision-language models, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 30 of its 31 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 1 Apr 2026.

Builds on

30 of 31 references.

Closest ancestors · 4

Same direction, newest first

  1. 202511Plus-Bench: Demystifying Multimodal LLM Spatial Reasoning with Cognitive-Inspired Analysis27 Aug
  2. 2025MM-Spatial: Exploring 3D Spatial Understanding in Multimodal LLMs17 Mar
  3. 2025PhysBench: Benchmarking and Enhancing Vision-Language Models for Physical World Understanding27 Jan
  4. 2024SpatialVLM: Endowing Vision-Language Models with Spatial Reasoning Capabilities22 Jan

Other references · 26

  1. 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,084
  2. 2024LLaVA-OneVision: Easy Visual Task Transfercited by 2,669
  3. 2025Qwen3-VL Technical Reportcited by 2,534
  4. 2025Gemma 3 Technical Reportcited by 1,686
  5. 2016CLEVR: A Diagnostic Dataset for Compositional Language and Elementary Visual Reasoningcited by 1,445
  6. 2025InternVL3.5: Advancing Open-Source Multimodal Models in Versatility, Reasoning, and Efficiencycited by 1,419
  7. 2023MVBench: A Comprehensive Multi-modal Video Understanding Benchmarkcited by 1,086
  8. 2021Resolution-robust Large Mask Inpainting with Fourier Convolutionscited by 730
  9. 2020Hypersim: A Photorealistic Synthetic Dataset for Holistic Indoor Scene Understandingcited by 593
  10. 2023HallusionBench: An Advanced Diagnostic Suite for Entangled Language Hallucination and Visual Illusion in Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 572
  11. 2024BLINK: Multimodal Large Language Models Can See but Not Perceivecited by 529
  12. 2022Winoground: Probing Vision and Language Models for Visio-Linguistic Compositionalitycited by 523
14 more
  1. 2023DL3DV-10K: A Large-Scale Scene Dataset for Deep Learning-based 3D Visioncited by 514
  2. 2024Evaluating Text-to-Visual Generation with Image-to-Text Generationcited by 465
  3. 2024What matters when building vision-language models?cited by 321
  4. 2025Stable Virtual Camera: Generative View Synthesis with Diffusion Modelscited by 179
  5. 2022CREPE: Can Vision-Language Foundation Models Reason Compositionally?cited by 177
  6. 20243DSRBench: A Comprehensive 3D Spatial Reasoning Benchmarkcited by 133
  7. 2024GenAI-Bench: Evaluating and Improving Compositional Text-to-Visual Generationcited by 130
  8. 2023Physion++: Evaluating Physical Scene Understanding that Requires Online Inference of Different Physical Propertiescited by 53
  9. 2023Equivariant Similarity for Vision-Language Foundation Modelscited by 51
  10. 2024Vinoground: Scrutinizing LMMs over Dense Temporal Reasoning with Short Videoscited by 37
  11. 2025VideoHallu: Evaluating and Mitigating Multi-modal Hallucinations on Synthetic Video Understandingcited by 32
  12. 2025Evaluating MLLMs with Multimodal Multi-image Reasoning Benchmarkcited by 20
  13. 2025Dual-Process Image Generationcited by 12
  14. 2025Visual Jenga: Discovering Object Dependencies via Counterfactual Inpaintingcited by 11

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.

1 paper.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026Consistent Yet Wrong: Evidence Insensitivity in Spatial Vision-Language Models
  2. 2026CVT-Bench: Probing Spatial-State Integrity through Counterfactual Viewpoint Transformations
  3. 2026TerraVis: Towards Evaluation of World-Grounded Visual Consistency in Text-to-Image Generation via MLLM Workflows
  4. 2024REVISION: Rendering Tools Enable Spatial Fidelity in Vision-Language Models
  5. 20253UR-LLM: An End-to-End Multimodal Large Language Model for 3D Scene Understanding
  6. 2024MMScan: A Multi-Modal 3D Scene Dataset with Hierarchical Grounded Language Annotations
  7. 2026Imagine3D-LLM: Teaching MLLMs to Imagine 3D Scenes Before Answering
  8. 2025Seeing from Another Perspective: Evaluating Multi-View Understanding in MLLMs