Emergence WebVoyager: Toward Consistent and Transparent Evaluation of (Web) Agents in The Wild
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Abstract (arXiv)
Reliable evaluation of AI agents operating in complex, real-world environments requires methodologies that are robust, transparent, and contextually aligned with the tasks agents are intended to perform. This study identifies persistent shortcomings in existing AI agent evaluation practices that are particularly acute in web agent evaluation, as exemplified by our audit of WebVoyager, including task-framing ambiguity and operational variability that hinder meaningful and reproducible performance comparisons. To address these challenges, we introduce Emergence WebVoyager, an enhanced version of the WebVoyager benchmark that standardizes evaluation methodology through clear guidelines for task instantiation, failure handling, annotation, and reporting. Emergence WebVoyager achieves an inter-annotator agreement of 95.9%, indicating improved clarity and reliability in both task formulation and evaluation. Applying this framework to evaluate OpenAI Operator reveals substantial performance variation across domains and task types, with an overall success rate of 68.6%, substantially lower than the 87% previously reported by OpenAI, demonstrating the utility of our approach for more rigorous and comparable web agent evaluation.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 25 of its 34 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Mar 2026.
Builds on
25 of 34 references.
References · 25
- 2023WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agentscited by 1,908
- 2023Mind2Web: Towards a Generalist Agent for the Webcited by 1,210
- 2022WebShop: Towards Scalable Real-World Web Interaction with Grounded Language Agentscited by 1,197
- 2024OSWorld: Benchmarking Multimodal Agents for Open-Ended Tasks in Real Computer Environmentscited by 1,134
- 2024AndroidWorld: A Dynamic Benchmarking Environment for Autonomous Agentscited by 450
- 2024WebVoyager: Building an End-to-End Web Agent with Large Multimodal Modelscited by 424
- 2025PaperBench: Evaluating AI's Ability to Replicate AI Researchcited by 286
- 2024Agent-as-a-Judge: Evaluate Agents with Agentscited by 223
- 2024Agent Q: Advanced Reasoning and Learning for Autonomous AI Agentscited by 201
- 2024A Careful Examination of Large Language Model Performance on Grade School Arithmeticcited by 188
- 2025An Illusion of Progress? Assessing the Current State of Web Agentscited by 165
- 2024Benchmark Data Contamination of Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 138
13 more
- 2024ST-WebAgentBench: A Benchmark for Evaluating Safety and Trustworthiness in Web Agentscited by 126
- 2024Generalization or Memorization: Data Contamination and Trustworthy Evaluation for Large Language Modelscited by 119
- 2024WebCanvas: Benchmarking Web Agents in Online Environmentscited by 119
- 2025Establishing Best Practices for Building Rigorous Agentic Benchmarkscited by 94
- 2024Agent-E: From Autonomous Web Navigation to Foundational Design Principles in Agentic Systemscited by 79
- 2025The Leaderboard Illusioncited by 57
- 2023Rethinking Model Evaluation as Narrowing the Socio-Technical Gapcited by 56
- 2024Benchmarks as Microscopes: A Call for Model Metrologycited by 33
- 2024Unveiling the Spectrum of Data Contamination in Language Models: A Survey from Detection to Remediationcited by 30
- 2024WILBUR: Adaptive In-Context Learning for Robust and Accurate Web Agentscited by 22
- 2024More than Marketing? On the Information Value of AI Benchmarks for Practitionerscited by 16
- 2025Search-Time Data Contaminationcited by 16
- 2024Multimodal Auto Validation For Self-Refinement in Web Agentscited by 5
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 5.
5 papers.
- 2026Whose Agent Are You? Multi-Layer Fingerprinting and Attribution of Autonomous Web Agentscited by 1
- 2026WebRider: Persona-Conditioned Intent Controllers for Live-Web Assistancecited by 0
- 2026Emergence World: Adversarial Stress-Testing of Long-Horizon Multi-Agent Systemscited by 0
- 2026The Hard Part Comes After Search: Benchmarking Web Agents on Synthesizing, Organizing, and Displaying Knowledgecited by 0
- 2026CaptchaArena: A Large-Scale, Fine-Grained Dataset for Training Computer-Use Agents on Interactive CAPTCHAscited by 0
- 2026CaptchaArena: A Large-Scale, Fine-Grained Dataset for Training Computer-Use Agents on Interactive CAPTCHAs25 Sep 2026
- 2026The Hard Part Comes After Search: Benchmarking Web Agents on Synthesizing, Organizing, and Displaying Knowledge24 Sep 2026
- 2026Emergence World: Adversarial Stress-Testing of Long-Horizon Multi-Agent Systems15 Sep 2026
- 2026WebRider: Persona-Conditioned Intent Controllers for Live-Web Assistance7 Aug 2026
- 2026Whose Agent Are You? Multi-Layer Fingerprinting and Attribution of Autonomous Web Agents18 Jun 2026
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- 2025Deep Research Bench: Evaluating AI Web Research Agents
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- 2026Framework and Benchmark for Code-Driven Agentic Testing in Web Development
- 2026Where Did It Go Wrong? Process-Level Evaluation of Web Agents with Semantic State Tracking