WARBENCH: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Evaluating LLMs in Military Decision-Making
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Abstract (arXiv)
Large Language Models are increasingly being considered for deployment in safety-critical military applications. However, current benchmarks suffer from structural blindspots that systematically overestimate model capabilities in real-world tactical scenarios. Existing frameworks typically ignore strict legal constraints based on International Humanitarian Law (IHL), omit edge computing limitations, lack robustness testing for fog of war, and inadequately evaluate explicit reasoning. To address these vulnerabilities, we present WARBENCH, a comprehensive evaluation framework establishing a foundational tactical baseline alongside four distinct stress testing dimensions. Through a large scale empirical evaluation of nine leading models on 136 high-fidelity historical scenarios, we reveal severe structural flaws. First, baseline tactical reasoning systematically collapses under complex terrain and high force asymmetry. Second, while state of the art closed source models maintain functional compliance, edge-optimized small models expose extreme operational risks with legal violation rates approaching 70 percent. Furthermore, models experience catastrophic performance degradation under 4-bit quantization and systematic information loss. Conversely, explicit reasoning mechanisms serve as highly effective structural safeguards against inadvertent violations. Ultimately, these findings demonstrate that current models remain fundamentally unready for autonomous deployment in high stakes tactical environments.
Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 11 of its 32 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Mar 2026.
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11 of 32 references.
References · 11
- 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,393
- 2023QLoRA: Efficient Finetuning of Quantized LLMscited by 3,355
- 2023AWQ: Activation-aware Weight Quantization for LLM Compression and Accelerationcited by 1,234
- 2022LLM.int8(): 8-bit Matrix Multiplication for Transformers at Scalecited by 881
- 2023War and Peace (WarAgent): Large Language Model-based Multi-Agent Simulation of World Warscited by 143
- 2023Large Language Models Play StarCraft II: Benchmarks and A Chain of Summarization Approachcited by 79
- 2023Split and Merge: Aligning Position Biases in LLM-based Evaluatorscited by 71
- 2026The Llama 4 Herd: Architecture, Training, Evaluation, and Deployment Notescited by 25
- 2024TMGBench: A Systematic Game Benchmark for Evaluating Strategic Reasoning Abilities of LLMscited by 21
- 2024COA-GPT: Generative Pre-trained Transformers for Accelerated Course of Action Development in Military Operationscited by 11
- 2026GT-HarmBench: Benchmarking AI Safety Risks Through the Lens of Game Theorycited by 5
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