ParkDiffusion++: Ego Intention Conditioned Joint Multi-Agent Trajectory Prediction for Automated Parking using Diffusion Models
On the map: Diffusion models → Diffusion and flow policies for robotics
Abstract (arXiv)
Automated parking is a challenging operational domain for advanced driver assistance systems, requiring robust scene understanding and interaction reasoning. The key challenge is twofold: (i) predict multiple plausible ego intentions according to context and (ii) for each intention, predict the joint responses of surrounding agents, enabling effective what-if decision-making. However, existing methods often fall short, typically treating these interdependent problems in isolation. We propose ParkDiffusion++, which jointly learns a multi-modal ego intention predictor and an ego-conditioned multi-agent joint trajectory predictor for automated parking. Our approach makes several key contributions. First, we introduce an ego intention tokenizer that predicts a small set of discrete endpoint intentions from agent histories and vectorized map polylines. Second, we perform ego-intention-conditioned joint prediction, yielding socially consistent predictions of the surrounding agents for each possible ego intention. Third, we employ a lightweight safety-guided denoiser with different constraints to refine joint scenes during training, thus improving accuracy and safety. Fourth, we propose counterfactual knowledge distillation, where an EMA teacher refined by a frozen safety-guided denoiser provides pseudo-targets that capture how agents react to alternative ego intentions. Extensive evaluations demonstrate that ParkDiffusion++ achieves state-of-the-art performance on the Dragon Lake Parking (DLP) dataset and the Intersections Drone (inD) dataset. Importantly, qualitative what-if visualizations show that other agents react appropriately to different ego intentions.
Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Diffusion and flow policies for robotics, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 29 of its 33 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Feb 2026.
Builds on
29 of 33 references.
Closest ancestors · 4
Same direction, newest first
- 2025ParkDiffusion: Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Multi-Modal Trajectory Prediction for Automated Parking using Diffusion Models1 May
- 2024Optimizing Diffusion Models for Joint Trajectory Prediction and Controllable Generation1 Aug
- 2024Diffusion-ES: Gradient-free Planning with Diffusion for Autonomous Driving and Zero-Shot Instruction Following9 Feb
- 2023Leapfrog Diffusion Model for Stochastic Trajectory Prediction20 Mar
Other references · 25
- 2021MultiPath++: Efficient Information Fusion and Trajectory Aggregation for Behavior Predictioncited by 246
- 2023MotionDiffuser: Controllable Multi-Agent Motion Prediction using Diffusioncited by 210
- 2021Scene Transformer: A unified architecture for predicting multiple agent trajectoriescited by 165
- 2023MotionLM: Multi-Agent Motion Forecasting as Language Modelingcited by 154
- 2025Diffusion-Based Planning for Autonomous Driving with Flexible Guidancecited by 138
- 2019The inD Dataset: A Drone Dataset of Naturalistic Road User Trajectories at German Intersectionscited by 137
- 2022M2I: From Factored Marginal Trajectory Prediction to Interactive Predictioncited by 81
- 2020PiP: Planning-informed Trajectory Prediction for Autonomous Drivingcited by 80
- 2020What-If Motion Prediction for Autonomous Drivingcited by 80
- 2022ScePT: Scene-consistent, Policy-based Trajectory Predictions for Planningcited by 63
- 2021Identifying Driver Interactions via Conditional Behavior Predictioncited by 48
- 2023DTPP: Differentiable Joint Conditional Prediction and Cost Evaluation for Tree Policy Planning in Autonomous Drivingcited by 46
13 more
- 2022JFP: Joint Future Prediction with Interactive Multi-Agent Modeling for Autonomous Drivingcited by 40
- 2022How many Observations are Enough? Knowledge Distillation for Trajectory Forecastingcited by 35
- 2025Consistent Sampling and Simulation: Molecular Dynamics with Energy-Based Diffusion Modelscited by 23
- 2025Trajectory Mamba: Efficient Attention-Mamba Forecasting Model Based on Selective SSMcited by 17
- 2023Towards Fixing Clever-Hans Predictors with Counterfactual Knowledge Distillationcited by 14
- 2018Multimodal Interaction-aware Motion Prediction for Autonomous Street Crossingcited by 13
- 2022ParkPredict+: Multimodal Intent and Motion Prediction for Vehicles in Parking Lots with CNN and Transformercited by 13
- 2020ParkPredict: Motion and Intent Prediction of Vehicles in Parking Lotscited by 9
- 2023BiFF: Bi-level Future Fusion with Polyline-based Coordinate for Interactive Trajectory Predictioncited by 8
- 2019Robust Multi-agent Counterfactual Predictioncited by 6
- 2024Motion Forecasting via Model-Based Risk Minimizationcited by 4
- 2024Stochasticity in Motion: An Information-Theoretic Approach to Trajectory Predictioncited by 4
- 2025Evidential Uncertainty Estimation for Multi-Modal Trajectory Predictioncited by 4
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 3.
3 papers.
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025MultiPark: Multimodal Parking Transformer with Next-Segment Prediction
- 2025SEG-Parking: Towards Safe, Efficient, and Generalizable Autonomous Parking via End-to-End Offline Reinforcement Learning
- 2026Causality-Aware End-to-End Autonomous Driving via Ego-Centric Joint Scene Modeling
- 2026ParkingTransformer: LLM-Enhanced End-to-End Trajectory Planning for Autonomous Parking
- 2026Learning Reliable Parking Policies via Offline Reinforcement Learning with Quantized Action Representations
- 2024ParkingE2E: Camera-based End-to-end Parking Network, from Images to Planning
- 2024Intention-aware Denoising Diffusion Model for Trajectory Prediction
- 2025A Diffusion-Refined Planner with Reinforcement Learning Priors for Confined-Space Parking