Filling the Image Information Gap for VQA: Prompting Large Language Models to Proactively Ask Questions
On the map: LLM reasoning → Multimodal reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive reasoning ability and the maintenance of world knowledge not only in natural language tasks, but also in some vision-language tasks such as open-domain knowledge-based visual question answering (OK-VQA). As images are invisible to LLMs, researchers convert images to text to engage LLMs into the visual question reasoning procedure. This leads to discrepancies between images and their textual representations presented to LLMs, which consequently impedes final reasoning performance. To fill the information gap and better leverage the reasoning capability, we design a framework that enables LLMs to proactively ask relevant questions to unveil more details in the image, along with filters for refining the generated information. We validate our idea on OK-VQA and A-OKVQA. Our method continuously boosts the performance of baselines methods by an average gain of 2.15% on OK-VQA, and achieves consistent improvements across different LLMs.
Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 26 of its 40 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Nov 2023.
Builds on
26 of 40 references.
Closest ancestors · 1
Same direction, newest first
Other references · 25
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,419
- 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,608
- 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,971
- 2022PaLM: Scaling Language Modeling with Pathwayscited by 5,326
- 2023InstructBLIP: Towards General-purpose Vision-Language Models with Instruction Tuningcited by 2,876
- 2016Making the V in VQA Matter: Elevating the Role of Image Understanding in Visual Question Answeringcited by 2,516
- 2015VQA: Visual Question Answeringcited by 2,506
- 2023PaLM-E: An Embodied Multimodal Language Modelcited by 2,071
- 2019OK-VQA: A Visual Question Answering Benchmark Requiring External Knowledgecited by 1,121
- 2022PaLI: A Jointly-Scaled Multilingual Language-Image Modelcited by 766
- 2022OFA: Unifying Architectures, Tasks, and Modalities Through a Simple Sequence-to-Sequence Learning Frameworkcited by 745
13 more
- 2022A-OKVQA: A Benchmark for Visual Question Answering using World Knowledgecited by 710
- 2021An Empirical Study of GPT-3 for Few-Shot Knowledge-Based VQAcited by 301
- 2020KRISP: Integrating Implicit and Symbolic Knowledge for Open-Domain Knowledge-Based VQAcited by 125
- 2022REVEAL: Retrieval-Augmented Visual-Language Pre-Training with Multi-Source Multimodal Knowledge Memorycited by 123
- 2022PromptCap: Prompt-Guided Task-Aware Image Captioningcited by 104
- 2023AssistGPT: A General Multi-modal Assistant that can Plan, Execute, Inspect, and Learncited by 97
- 2022Retrieval Augmented Visual Question Answering with Outside Knowledgecited by 94
- 2023ChatGPT Asks, BLIP-2 Answers: Automatic Questioning Towards Enriched Visual Descriptionscited by 86
- 2021Multi-Modal Answer Validation for Knowledge-Based VQAcited by 79
- 2021Weakly-Supervised Visual-Retriever-Reader for Knowledge-based Question Answeringcited by 50
- 2019Why Does a Visual Question Have Different Answers?cited by 34
- 2020Pre-training Is (Almost) All You Need: An Application to Commonsense Reasoningcited by 33
- 2023Zero-shot Visual Question Answering with Language Model Feedbackcited by 11
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 9; 2025: 3; 2026: 1.
14 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2024Autonomous Evaluation and Refinement of Digital Agentscited by 137
- 2024An Image Grid Can Be Worth a Video: Zero-shot Video Question Answering Using a VLMcited by 97
- 2024Language Models Still Struggle to Zero-shot Reason about Time Seriescited by 88
- 2023X-InstructBLIP: A Framework for aligning X-Modal instruction-aware representations to LLMs and Emergent Cross-modal Reasoningcited by 80
- 2024Knowledge Graphs Meet Multi-Modal Learning: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 53
- 2025Retrieval-Augmented Visual Question Answering via Built-in Autoregressive Search Enginescited by 13
- 2024Knowledge Acquisition Disentanglement for Knowledge-based Visual Question Answering with Large Language Modelscited by 8
- 2026SUPERGLASSES: Benchmarking Vision Language Models as Intelligent Agents for AI Smart Glassescited by 6
- 2024Self-Bootstrapped Visual-Language Model for Knowledge Selection and Question Answeringcited by 5
- 2024BBA: Bi-Modal Behavioral Alignment for Reasoning with Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 4
- 2024Diversify, Rationalize, and Combine: Ensembling Multiple QA Strategies for Zero-shot Knowledge-based VQAcited by 3
- 2024A Unified Hallucination Mitigation Framework for Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 3
- 2026SUPERGLASSES: Benchmarking Vision Language Models as Intelligent Agents for AI Smart Glasses26 Feb 2026
- 2025MANTA: Cross-Modal Semantic Alignment and Information-Theoretic Optimization for Long-form Multimodal Understanding28 Jun 2025
- 2025Everything Can Be Described in Words: A Simple Unified Multi-Modal Framework with Semantic and Temporal Alignment12 Mar 2025
- 2025Retrieval-Augmented Visual Question Answering via Built-in Autoregressive Search Engines23 Feb 2025
- 2024A Unified Hallucination Mitigation Framework for Large Vision-Language Models24 Sep 2024
- 2024Knowledge Acquisition Disentanglement for Knowledge-based Visual Question Answering with Large Language Models22 Jul 2024
- 2024Diversify, Rationalize, and Combine: Ensembling Multiple QA Strategies for Zero-shot Knowledge-based VQA18 Jun 2024
- 2024Self-Bootstrapped Visual-Language Model for Knowledge Selection and Question Answering22 Apr 2024
- 2024Language Models Still Struggle to Zero-shot Reason about Time Series17 Apr 2024
- 2024Autonomous Evaluation and Refinement of Digital Agents9 Apr 2024
- 2024An Image Grid Can Be Worth a Video: Zero-shot Video Question Answering Using a VLM27 Mar 2024
- 2024BBA: Bi-Modal Behavioral Alignment for Reasoning with Large Vision-Language Models21 Feb 2024
- 2024An Image Grid Can Be Worth a Video: Zero-shot Video Question Answering Using a VLMcited by 97
- 2024Language Models Still Struggle to Zero-shot Reason about Time Seriescited by 88
- 2023X-InstructBLIP: A Framework for aligning X-Modal instruction-aware representations to LLMs and Emergent Cross-modal Reasoningcited by 80
- 2024BBA: Bi-Modal Behavioral Alignment for Reasoning with Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 4
- 2024Language Models Still Struggle to Zero-shot Reason about Time Series17 Apr 2024
- 2024An Image Grid Can Be Worth a Video: Zero-shot Video Question Answering Using a VLM27 Mar 2024
- 2024BBA: Bi-Modal Behavioral Alignment for Reasoning with Large Vision-Language Models21 Feb 2024
- 2023X-InstructBLIP: A Framework for aligning X-Modal instruction-aware representations to LLMs and Emergent Cross-modal Reasoning30 Nov 2023
- 2026SUPERGLASSES: Benchmarking Vision Language Models as Intelligent Agents for AI Smart Glasses26 Feb 2026
- 2024A Unified Hallucination Mitigation Framework for Large Vision-Language Models24 Sep 2024
- 2024Self-Bootstrapped Visual-Language Model for Knowledge Selection and Question Answering22 Apr 2024
- 2024Autonomous Evaluation and Refinement of Digital Agentscited by 137
- 2024Knowledge Graphs Meet Multi-Modal Learning: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 53
- 2024Knowledge Acquisition Disentanglement for Knowledge-based Visual Question Answering with Large Language Modelscited by 8
- 2024Diversify, Rationalize, and Combine: Ensembling Multiple QA Strategies for Zero-shot Knowledge-based VQAcited by 3
- 2025Everything Can Be Described in Words: A Simple Unified Multi-Modal Framework with Semantic and Temporal Alignmentcited by 3
- 2025MANTA: Cross-Modal Semantic Alignment and Information-Theoretic Optimization for Long-form Multimodal Understandingcited by 0
- 2025MANTA: Cross-Modal Semantic Alignment and Information-Theoretic Optimization for Long-form Multimodal Understanding28 Jun 2025
- 2025Everything Can Be Described in Words: A Simple Unified Multi-Modal Framework with Semantic and Temporal Alignment12 Mar 2025
- 2024Knowledge Acquisition Disentanglement for Knowledge-based Visual Question Answering with Large Language Models22 Jul 2024
- 2024Diversify, Rationalize, and Combine: Ensembling Multiple QA Strategies for Zero-shot Knowledge-based VQA18 Jun 2024
- 2024Autonomous Evaluation and Refinement of Digital Agents9 Apr 2024
- 2024Knowledge Graphs Meet Multi-Modal Learning: A Comprehensive Survey8 Feb 2024
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2024Natural Language Understanding and Inference with MLLM in Visual Question Answering: A Survey
- 2023Prompting Vision Language Model with Knowledge from Large Language Model for Knowledge-Based VQA
- 2026Rethinking LLM-Guided Visual Question Answering: Does Deeper Knowledge Integration Really Help?
- 2024Find The Gap: Knowledge Base Reasoning For Visual Question Answering
- 2023Prophet: Prompting Large Language Models with Complementary Answer Heuristics for Knowledge-based Visual Question Answering
- 2023Improving Zero-shot Visual Question Answering via Large Language Models with Reasoning Question Prompts
- 2024GeReA: Question-Aware Prompt Captions for Knowledge-based Visual Question Answering
- 2023Language Guided Visual Question Answering: Elevate Your Multimodal Language Model Using Knowledge-Enriched Prompts