mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

jina-embeddings-v5-text: Task-Targeted Embedding Distillation

arXiv 2602.15547 ↗First posted 17 Feb 2026cs.CLcited by 19

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Abstract (arXiv)

Text embedding models are widely used for semantic similarity tasks, including information retrieval, clustering, and classification. General-purpose models are typically trained with single- or multi-stage processes using contrastive loss functions. We introduce a novel training regimen that combines model distillation techniques with task-specific contrastive loss to produce compact, high-performance embedding models. Our findings suggest that this approach is more effective for training small models than purely contrastive or distillation-based training paradigms alone. Benchmark scores for the resulting models, jina-embeddings-v5-text-small and jina-embeddings-v5-text-nano, exceed or match the state-of-the-art for models of similar size. jina-embeddings-v5-text models additionally support long texts (up to 32k tokens) in many languages, and generate embeddings that remain robust under truncation and binary quantization. Model weights are publicly available, hopefully inspiring further advances in embedding model development.

Key facts. Cited by 19 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 36 of its 48 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Feb 2026.

Builds on

36 of 48 references.

References · 36

  1. 2019Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networkscited by 9,049
  2. 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,195
  3. 2018Representation Learning with Contrastive Predictive Codingcited by 7,662
  4. 2023Efficient Memory Management for Large Language Model Serving with PagedAttentioncited by 5,767
  5. 2021RoFormer: Enhanced Transformer with Rotary Position Embeddingcited by 4,581
  6. 2019DistilBERT, a distilled version of BERT: smaller, faster, cheaper and lightercited by 4,243
  7. 2020Dense Passage Retrieval for Open-Domain Question Answeringcited by 3,779
  8. 2020MiniLM: Deep Self-Attention Distillation for Task-Agnostic Compression of Pre-Trained Transformerscited by 1,414
  9. 2021BEIR: A Heterogenous Benchmark for Zero-shot Evaluation of Information Retrieval Modelscited by 1,225
  10. 2025Qwen3 Embedding: Advancing Text Embedding and Reranking Through Foundation Modelscited by 1,175
  11. 2019TinyBERT: Distilling BERT for Natural Language Understandingcited by 1,153
  12. 2024M3-Embedding: Multi-Linguality, Multi-Functionality, Multi-Granularity Text Embeddings Through Self-Knowledge Distillationcited by 1,050
24 more
  1. 2019Relational Knowledge Distillationcited by 873
  2. 2022MTEB: Massive Text Embedding Benchmarkcited by 623
  3. 2024Multilingual E5 Text Embeddings: A Technical Reportcited by 357
  4. 2022One Embedder, Any Task: Instruction-Finetuned Text Embeddingscited by 329
  5. 2022Matryoshka Representation Learningcited by 268
  6. 2024mGTE: Generalized Long-Context Text Representation and Reranking Models for Multilingual Text Retrievalcited by 233
  7. 2020Improving Efficient Neural Ranking Models with Cross-Architecture Knowledge Distillationcited by 143
  8. 2023Scaling Laws of RoPE-based Extrapolationcited by 124
  9. 2025MMTEB: Massive Multilingual Text Embedding Benchmarkcited by 120
  10. 2024MagicLens: Self-Supervised Image Retrieval with Open-Ended Instructionscited by 119
  11. 2024Jasper and Stella: distillation of SOTA embedding modelscited by 109
  12. 2025jina-embeddings-v4: Universal Embeddings for Multimodal Multilingual Retrievalcited by 72
  13. 2024Arctic-Embed 2.0: Multilingual Retrieval Without Compromisecited by 57
  14. 2024LongEmbed: Extending Embedding Models for Long Context Retrievalcited by 47
  15. 2025KaLM-Embedding-V2: Superior Training Techniques and Data Inspire A Versatile Embedding Modelcited by 35
  16. 2017Learning Spread-out Local Feature Descriptorscited by 34
  17. 2025EuroBERT: Scaling Multilingual Encoders for European Languagescited by 28
  18. 2024Translate-Distill: Learning Cross-Language Dense Retrieval by Translation and Distillationcited by 22
  19. 2024Multi-Task Contrastive Learning for 8192-Token Bilingual Text Embeddingscited by 20
  20. 2023EmbedDistill: A Geometric Knowledge Distillation for Information Retrievalcited by 11
  21. 2020Simplified TinyBERT: Knowledge Distillation for Document Retrievalcited by 10
  22. 2025Jasper-Token-Compression-600M Technical Reportcited by 5
  23. 2025xVLM2Vec: Adapting LVLM-based embedding models to multilinguality using Self-Knowledge Distillationcited by 3
  24. 2025Learning Task-Agnostic Representations through Multi-Teacher Distillationcited by 2

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 19.

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  1. 2026SkillRet: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Skill Retrieval in LLM Agentscited by 37
  2. 2026Revisiting Text Ranking in Deep Researchcited by 7
  3. 2026LMEB: Long-horizon Memory Embedding Benchmarkcited by 6
  4. 2026jina-embeddings-v5-omni: Geometry-preserving Embeddings via Locked Aligned Towerscited by 4
  5. 2026Low-Cost Black-Box Detection of LLM Hallucinations via Dynamical System Predictioncited by 3
  6. 2026Generating Pretraining Tokens from Organic Data for Data-Bound Scalingcited by 2
  7. 2026SkillReason: Reasoning-Enhanced Agent Skill Retrieval for Implicit User Requestscited by 2
  8. 2026MVEB: Massive Video Embedding Benchmarkcited by 1
  9. 2026LatentRAG: Latent Reasoning and Retrieval for Efficient Agentic RAGcited by 0
  10. 2026Test-Time Compute for Frozen Embedding Models through Agentic Program Searchcited by 0
  11. 2026To MRL or not to MRL: Text Embeddings are Robust to Truncation Without Matryoshka Learning, Except In Heavy Truncation Scenarioscited by 0
  12. 2026Iterate Until Retrieved: Factual Nugget Optimization for Discoverable Continual Corrections in Agentic RAGcited by 0
7 more
  1. 2026SEA-LION-Embedding: Open and Reproducible Text Embeddings for Southeast Asiacited by 0
  2. 2026HAKARI-Bench: A Lightweight Benchmark for Comparing Retrieval Architectures and Efficiency Settings under Unified Conditionscited by 0
  3. 2026KaLM-Reranker-V1: Fast but Not Late Interaction for Compressed Document Rerankingcited by 0
  4. 2026SABER-Math: Automated Benchmark for Information Retrieval Evaluation in Mathematicscited by 0
  5. 2026MTEB-BR: A Text Embedding Benchmark for Brazilian Portuguesecited by 0
  6. 2026Eigenvalue Calibration for Semantic Embeddings of Large Language Modelscited by 0
  7. 2026Giga-Embeddings: Mixture-of-Experts Encoders for High-Throughput Text Embeddingscited by 0