mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

GPTZero: Robust Detection of LLM-Generated Texts

arXiv 2602.13042 ↗First posted 13 Feb 2026cs.LGcited by 10

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Abstract (arXiv)

While historical considerations surrounding text authenticity revolved primarily around plagiarism, the advent of large language models (LLMs) has introduced a new challenge: distinguishing human-authored from AI-generated text. This shift raises significant concerns, including the undermining of skill evaluations, the mass-production of low-quality content, and the proliferation of misinformation. Addressing these issues, we introduce GPTZero a state-of-the-art industrial AI detection solution, offering reliable discernment between human and LLM-generated text. Our key contributions include: introducing a hierarchical, multi-task architecture enabling a flexible taxonomy of human and AI texts, demonstrating state-of-the-art accuracy on a variety of domains with granular predictions, and achieving superior robustness to adversarial attacks and paraphrasing via multi-tiered automated red teaming. GPTZero offers accurate and explainable detection, and educates users on its responsible use, ensuring fair and transparent assessment of text.

Key facts. Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 31 of its 44 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Feb 2026.

Builds on

31 of 44 references.

References · 31

  1. 2017On Calibration of Modern Neural Networkscited by 4,860
  2. 2024The FineWeb Datasets: Decanting the Web for the Finest Text Data at Scalecited by 1,104
  3. 2023DetectGPT: Zero-Shot Machine-Generated Text Detection using Probability Curvaturecited by 705
  4. 2023How Close is ChatGPT to Human Experts? Comparison Corpus, Evaluation, and Detectioncited by 472
  5. 2021Dynabench: Rethinking Benchmarking in NLPcited by 447
  6. 2023Paraphrasing evades detectors of AI-generated text, but retrieval is an effective defensecited by 401
  7. 2020Effect of Confidence and Explanation on Accuracy and Trust Calibration in AI-Assisted Decision Makingcited by 281
  8. 2023Fast-DetectGPT: Efficient Zero-Shot Detection of Machine-Generated Text via Conditional Probability Curvaturecited by 278
  9. 2024Spotting LLMs With Binoculars: Zero-Shot Detection of Machine-Generated Textcited by 255
  10. 2023DetectLLM: Leveraging Log Rank Information for Zero-Shot Detection of Machine-Generated Textcited by 207
  11. 2023RADAR: Robust AI-Text Detection via Adversarial Learningcited by 187
  12. 2019Adversarial Training and Robustness for Multiple Perturbationscited by 182
19 more
  1. 2023CulturaX: A Cleaned, Enormous, and Multilingual Dataset for Large Language Models in 167 Languagescited by 172
  2. 2020A Diagnostic Study of Explainability Techniques for Text Classificationcited by 158
  3. 2024RAID: A Shared Benchmark for Robust Evaluation of Machine-Generated Text Detectorscited by 157
  4. 2019Adversarial Training Can Hurt Generalizationcited by 131
  5. 2023Intrinsic Dimension Estimation for Robust Detection of AI-Generated Textscited by 111
  6. 2024The AI Review Lottery: Widespread AI-Assisted Peer Reviews Boost Paper Scores and Acceptance Ratescited by 66
  7. 2023Multiscale Positive-Unlabeled Detection of AI-Generated Textscited by 59
  8. 2023Stylometric Detection of AI-Generated Text in Twitter Timelinescited by 57
  9. 2023GPT-who: An Information Density-based Machine-Generated Text Detectorcited by 38
  10. 2023Anatomy of an AI-powered malicious social botnetcited by 35
  11. 2024Technical Report on the Pangram AI-Generated Text Classifiercited by 32
  12. 2024Humanizing Machine-Generated Content: Evading AI-Text Detection through Adversarial Attackcited by 27
  13. 2024Beemo: Benchmark of Expert-edited Machine-generated Outputscited by 26
  14. 2024Detecting AI-Generated Sentences in Human-AI Collaborative Hybrid Texts: Challenges, Strategies, and Insightscited by 21
  15. 2024Zero-Shot Detection of LLM-Generated Text using Token Cohesivenesscited by 13
  16. 2023Distinguishing Human Generated Text From ChatGPT Generated Text Using Machine Learningcited by 10
  17. 2025TH-Bench: Evaluating Evading Attacks via Humanizing AI Text on Machine-Generated Text Detectorscited by 8
  18. 2025Frankentext: Stitching random text fragments into long-form narrativescited by 8
  19. 2025Readers Prefer Outputs of AI Trained on Copyrighted Books over Expert Human Writerscited by 8

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 10.

10 papers.