mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Baichuan-M3: Modeling Clinical Inquiry for Reliable Medical Decision-Making

arXiv 2602.06570 ↗First posted 6 Feb 2026cs.CLcited by 10

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Abstract (arXiv)

We introduce Baichuan-M3, a medical-enhanced large language model engineered to shift the paradigm from passive question-answering to active, clinical-grade decision support. Addressing the limitations of existing systems in open-ended consultations, Baichuan-M3 utilizes a specialized training pipeline to model the systematic workflow of a physician. Key capabilities include: (i) proactive information acquisition to resolve ambiguity; (ii) long-horizon reasoning that unifies scattered evidence into coherent diagnoses; and (iii) adaptive hallucination suppression to ensure factual reliability. Empirical evaluations demonstrate that Baichuan-M3 achieves state-of-the-art results on HealthBench, the newly introduced HealthBench-Hallu and ScanBench, significantly outperforming GPT-5.2 in clinical inquiry, advisory and safety. The models are publicly available at https://huggingface.co/collections/baichuan-inc/baichuan-m3.

Key facts. Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 47 of its 59 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Feb 2026.

Builds on

47 of 59 references.

References · 47

  1. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,132
  2. 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 9,743
  3. 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,393
  4. 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,195
  5. 2021Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Codecited by 8,053
  6. 2025DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 6,146
  7. 2022GPTQ: Accurate Post-Training Quantization for Generative Pre-trained Transformerscited by 1,838
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  9. 2023FActScore: Fine-grained Atomic Evaluation of Factual Precision in Long Form Text Generationcited by 1,259
  10. 2023SGLang: Efficient Execution of Structured Language Model Programscited by 1,107
  11. 2025OpenAI GPT-5 System Cardcited by 910
  12. 2025Group Sequence Policy Optimizationcited by 788
35 more
  1. 2025DeepSeek-V3.2: Pushing the Frontier of Open Large Language Modelscited by 755
  2. 2023Baichuan 2: Open Large-scale Language Modelscited by 664
  3. 2015Policy Distillationcited by 414
  4. 2025MedGemma Technical Reportcited by 398
  5. 2025HealthBench: Evaluating Large Language Models Towards Improved Human Healthcited by 385
  6. 2025Rubrics as Rewards: Reinforcement Learning Beyond Verifiable Domainscited by 328
  7. 2025EAGLE-3: Scaling up Inference Acceleration of Large Language Models via Training-Time Testcited by 318
  8. 2025Gated Attention for Large Language Models: Non-linearity, Sparsity, and Attention-Sink-Freecited by 266
  9. 2025Lingshu: A Generalist Foundation Model for Unified Multimodal Medical Understanding and Reasoningcited by 217
  10. 2023LLM Lies: Hallucinations are not Bugs, but Features as Adversarial Examplescited by 177
  11. 2023Med-HALT: Medical Domain Hallucination Test for Large Language Modelscited by 156
  12. 2024Long-form factuality in large language modelscited by 146
  13. 2024A Survey on Large Language Model Acceleration based on KV Cache Managementcited by 125
  14. 2025Reinforcement Learning with Rubric Anchorscited by 108
  15. 2025Baichuan-Omni-1.5 Technical Reportcited by 107
  16. 2025DR Tulu: Reinforcement Learning with Evolving Rubrics for Deep Researchcited by 98
  17. 2025Hulu-Med: A Transparent Generalist Model towards Holistic Medical Vision-Language Understandingcited by 96
  18. 2025Medical Hallucinations in Foundation Models and Their Impact on Healthcarecited by 89
  19. 2024Towards Conversational Diagnostic AIcited by 79
  20. 2025Are Reasoning Models More Prone to Hallucination?cited by 62
  21. 2025Baichuan-M2: Scaling Medical Capability with Large Verifier Systemcited by 55
  22. 2023Optimize Weight Rounding via Signed Gradient Descent for the Quantization of LLMscited by 49
  23. 2025Chasing the Tail: Effective Rubric-based Reward Modeling for Large Language Model Post-Trainingcited by 46
  24. 2025Baichuan-M1: Pushing the Medical Capability of Large Language Modelscited by 41
  25. 2025DCPO: Dynamic Clipping Policy Optimizationcited by 38
  26. 2024K-QA: A Real-World Medical Q&A Benchmarkcited by 30
  27. 2025Learning to Reason for Factualitycited by 22
  28. 2023MedDM:LLM-executable clinical guidance tree for clinical decision-makingcited by 19
  29. 2024Medchain: Bridging the Gap Between LLM Agents and Clinical Practice with Interactive Sequencecited by 15
  30. 2024ArgMed-Agents: Explainable Clinical Decision Reasoning with LLM Disscusion via Argumentation Schemescited by 13
  31. 2025The Reasoning Trap: How Enhancing LLM Reasoning Amplifies Tool Hallucinationcited by 12
  32. 2024Integrating Physician Diagnostic Logic into Large Language Models: Preference Learning from Process Feedbackcited by 9
  33. 2024Baichuan Alignment Technical Reportcited by 6
  34. 2020Navigating the Trade-Off between Multi-Task Learning and Learning to Multitask in Deep Neural Networkscited by 2
  35. 2025Generalist++: A Meta-learning Framework for Mitigating Trade-off in Adversarial Trainingcited by 1

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 10.

10 papers.

  1. 2026OneReason Technical Reportcited by 8
  2. 2026MedAction: Towards Active Multi-turn Clinical Diagnostic LLMscited by 2
  3. 2026Evaluating Large Language Models in Dynamic Clinical Decision-Making with Standardized Patient Casescited by 2
  4. 2026Baichuan-M4: A Clinical-Grade Medical Agent System for Continuous Carecited by 1
  5. 2026Can the Environment Speak for Itself? T2-GRPO: A Turn-Trajectory Group Relative Policy Optimization for Caregiver Agentscited by 0
  6. 2026BALTO: Balanced Token-Level Policy Optimization for Hallucination Mitigationcited by 0
  7. 2026Cross-Domain Feature Expansion for Tabular Medical Data via Knowledge Graphs Injectioncited by 0
  8. 2026MedRealMM: A Real-World Multimodal Benchmark for Chinese Online Medical Consultationcited by 0
  9. 2026Position: Medical AI Neglects Real Treatment Outcomescited by 0
  10. 2026Recovering General Capabilities via Uncertainty-Calibrated Multi-Teacher On-Policy Distillationcited by 0