mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

OffSeeker: Online Reinforcement Learning Is Not All You Need for Deep Research Agents

arXiv 2601.18467 ↗First posted 26 Jan 2026cs.AI cs.LGcited by 12

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Web, search, and research agents

also in 1 more
Abstract (arXiv)

Deep research agents have shown remarkable potential in handling long-horizon tasks. However, state-of-the-art performance typically relies on online reinforcement learning (RL), which is financially expensive due to extensive API calls. While offline training offers a more efficient alternative, its progress is hindered by the scarcity of high-quality research trajectories. In this paper, we demonstrate that expensive online reinforcement learning is not all you need to build powerful research agents. To bridge this gap, we introduce a fully open-source suite designed for effective offline training. Our core contributions include DeepForge, a ready-to-use task synthesis framework that generates large-scale research queries without heavy preprocessing; and a curated collection of 66k QA pairs, 33k SFT trajectories, and 21k DPO pairs. Leveraging these resources, we train OffSeeker (8B), a model developed entirely offline. Extensive evaluations across six benchmarks show that OffSeeker not only leads among similar-sized agents but also remains competitive with 30B-parameter systems trained via heavy online RL.

Key facts. Cited by 12 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Web, search, and research agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 28 of its 36 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Jan 2026.

Builds on

28 of 36 references.

Closest ancestors · 8

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025MiroThinker: Pushing the Performance Boundaries of Open-Source Research Agents via Model, Context, and Interactive Scaling14 Nov
  2. 2025WebSailor-V2: Bridging the Chasm to Proprietary Agents via Synthetic Data and Scalable Reinforcement Learning16 Sep
  3. 2025DeepDive: Advancing Deep Search Agents with Knowledge Graphs and Multi-Turn RL12 Sep
  4. 2025WebExplorer: Explore and Evolve for Training Long-Horizon Web Agents8 Sep
  5. 2025Beyond Ten Turns: Unlocking Long-Horizon Agentic Search with Large-Scale Asynchronous RL11 Aug
  6. 2025Cognitive Kernel-Pro: A Framework for Deep Research Agents and Agent Foundation Models Training1 Aug
  7. 2025WebSailor: Navigating Super-human Reasoning for Web Agent3 Jul
  8. 2025WebDancer: Towards Autonomous Information Seeking Agency28 May

Other references · 20

  1. 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 9,379
  2. 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,820
  3. 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,695
  4. 2023Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Modelcited by 8,065
  5. 2018HotpotQA: A Dataset for Diverse, Explainable Multi-hop Question Answeringcited by 3,754
  6. 2020Constructing A Multi-hop QA Dataset for Comprehensive Evaluation of Reasoning Stepscited by 1,282
  7. 2023GAIA: a benchmark for General AI Assistantscited by 1,128
  8. 2025BrowseComp: A Simple Yet Challenging Benchmark for Browsing Agentscited by 647
  9. 2025Humanity's Last Examcited by 491
  10. 2025Towards Reasoning Era: A Survey of Long Chain-of-Thought for Reasoning Large Language Modelscited by 384
  11. 2024Tool Learning with Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 223
  12. 2025WebWalker: Benchmarking LLMs in Web Traversalcited by 175
8 more
  1. 2025BrowseComp-ZH: Benchmarking Web Browsing Ability of Large Language Models in Chinesecited by 145
  2. 2025OWL: Optimized Workforce Learning for General Multi-Agent Assistance in Real-World Task Automationcited by 131
  3. 2025WebShaper: Agentically Data Synthesizing via Information-Seeking Formalizationcited by 121
  4. 2025xbench: Tracking Agents Productivity Scaling with Profession-Aligned Real-World Evaluationscited by 120
  5. 2025Alita: Generalist Agent Enabling Scalable Agentic Reasoning with Minimal Predefinition and Maximal Self-Evolutioncited by 116
  6. 2024AgentGen: Enhancing Planning Abilities for Large Language Model based Agent via Environment and Task Generationcited by 83
  7. 2024Unlocking the Capabilities of Thought: A Reasoning Boundary Framework to Quantify and Optimize Chain-of-Thoughtcited by 56
  8. 2025360-LLaMA-Factory: Plug & Play Sequence Parallelism for Long Post-Trainingcited by 4

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 12.

12 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2023Uni-O4: Unifying Online and Offline Deep Reinforcement Learning with Multi-Step On-Policy Optimization
  2. 2022A Survey on Offline Reinforcement Learning: Taxonomy, Review, and Open Problems
  3. 2021Showing Your Offline Reinforcement Learning Work: Online Evaluation Budget Matters
  4. 2025Rethinking the Design of Reinforcement Learning-Based Deep Research Agents
  5. 2025MOORL: A Framework for Integrating Offline-Online Reinforcement Learning
  6. 2023Finetuning from Offline Reinforcement Learning: Challenges, Trade-offs and Practical Solutions
  7. 2025Efficient Reinforcement Learning by Guiding World Models with Non-Curated Data
  8. 2023Using Offline Data to Speed Up Reinforcement Learning in Procedurally Generated Environments