mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

DeepResearch Bench II: Diagnosing Deep Research Agents via Rubrics from Expert Reports

arXiv 2601.08536 ↗First posted 13 Jan 2026cs.CLcited by 33

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Web, search, and research agents

Abstract (arXiv)

Deep Research Agents (DRA) aim to help users search the web, synthesize information, and deliver comprehensive investigative reports. Prior benchmarks often either under-evaluate a system's ability to produce meaningful insights and high-quality writing, or adopt coarse or LLM-defined criteria that are hard to verify and can diverge from human expert judgment. To address these issues, we introduce Deep Research Bench II, a new benchmark for evaluating DRAs. It contains 132 grounded research tasks across 22 domains; for each task, an agent must produce a research report that is evaluated by a set of 9,430 fine-grained binary rubrics in total, covering three dimensions: information recall, analysis, and presentation. All rubrics are derived from carefully selected expert-written investigative articles and are constructed through a four-stage LLM+human pipeline that combines automatic extraction with over 400 human-hours of expert review, ensuring that the criteria are verifiable and aligned with human expert judgment. We evaluate several state-of-the-art deep-research agents on Deep Research Bench II and find that even the strongest models satisfy fewer than 50% of the rubrics, revealing a substantial gap between current DRAs and human experts. We release the benchmark, evaluation scripts, and all rubrics at https://github.com/imlrz/DeepResearch-Bench-II to facilitate future research on deep-rearch agents.

Key facts. Cited by 33 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Web, search, and research agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 22 of its 62 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Jan 2026.

Builds on

22 of 62 references.

Closest ancestors · 4

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025ResearchRubrics: A Benchmark of Prompts and Rubrics For Evaluating Deep Research Agents10 Nov
  2. 2025LiveResearchBench: A Live Benchmark for User-Centric Deep Research in the Wild16 Oct
  3. 2025DeepResearch Bench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Deep Research Agents13 Jun
  4. 2025Deep Research Bench: Evaluating AI Web Research Agents6 May

Other references · 18

  1. 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,393
  2. 2022Large Language Models Encode Clinical Knowledgecited by 1,807
  3. 2023A Survey on Hallucination in Large Language Models: Principles, Taxonomy, Challenges, and Open Questionscited by 1,582
  4. 2024A Survey on LLM-as-a-Judgecited by 1,384
  5. 2025BrowseComp: A Simple Yet Challenging Benchmark for Browsing Agentscited by 616
  6. 2025HealthBench: Evaluating Large Language Models Towards Improved Human Healthcited by 385
  7. 2025PaperBench: Evaluating AI's Ability to Replicate AI Researchcited by 286
  8. 2024LLMs instead of Human Judges? A Large Scale Empirical Study across 20 NLP Evaluation Taskscited by 236
  9. 2024WildBench: Benchmarking LLMs with Challenging Tasks from Real Users in the Wildcited by 211
  10. 2024Judging the Judges: Evaluating Alignment and Vulnerabilities in LLMs-as-Judgescited by 197
  11. 2025MultiChallenge: A Realistic Multi-Turn Conversation Evaluation Benchmark Challenging to Frontier LLMscited by 171
  12. 2023Art or Artifice? Large Language Models and the False Promise of Creativitycited by 168
6 more
  1. 2024LLM-Rubric: A Multidimensional, Calibrated Approach to Automated Evaluation of Natural Language Textscited by 81
  2. 2025Automated Creativity Evaluation for Large Language Models: A Reference-Based Approachcited by 20
  3. 2025The Silent Judge: Unacknowledged Shortcut Bias in LLM-as-a-Judgecited by 13
  4. 2023Advancing the Search Frontier with AI Agentscited by 12
  5. 2025Towards Long Context Hallucination Detectioncited by 7
  6. 2024Evaluating LLMs with Multiple Problems at oncecited by 5

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 33.

33 papers.

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  1. 2026Learning Query-Specific Rubrics from Human Preferences for DeepResearch Report Generationcited by 18
  2. 2026DRACO: a Cross-Domain Benchmark for Deep Research Accuracy, Completeness, and Objectivitycited by 11
  3. 2026Nanbeige4.2-3B: Unlocking Agentic Capabilities in a Compact Modelcited by 9
  4. 2026Why Your Deep Research Agent Fails? On Hallucination Evaluation in Full Research Trajectorycited by 5
  5. 2026Can LLM-as-a-Judge Reliably Verify Rubrics in Agentic Scenarios?cited by 5
  6. 2026Deep Research, Shallow Evaluation: A Case Study in Meta-Evaluation for Long-Form QA Benchmarkscited by 4
  7. 2026DEEPRUBRIC: Evidence-Tree Rubric Supervision for Efficient Reinforcement Learning of Deep Research Agentscited by 4
  8. 2026LH-Bench: Skill-Grounded Evaluation of Long-Horizon Agents on Subjective Enterprise Taskscited by 3
  9. 2026TVIR: Building Deep Research Agents Towards Text-Visual Interleaved Report Generationcited by 3
  10. 2026S1-DeepResearch: Beyond Search, Toward Real-World Long-Horizon Research Agentscited by 3
  11. 2026Deep FinResearch Bench: Evaluating AI's Ability to Conduct Professional Financial Investment Researchcited by 2
  12. 2026Rethinking Reasoning-Intensive Retrieval: Evaluating and Advancing Retrievers in Agentic Search Systemscited by 2
21 more
  1. 2026DuMate-DeepResearch: An Auditable Multi-Agent System with Recursive Search and Rubric-Grounded Reasoningcited by 2
  2. 2026ScholarGym: Benchmarking Large Language Model Capabilities in the Information-Gathering Stage of Deep Researchcited by 1
  3. 2026DR3-Eval: Towards Realistic and Reproducible Deep Research Evaluationcited by 1
  4. 2026DRACULA: Hunting for the Actions Users Want Deep Research Agents to Executecited by 1
  5. 2026Who is the Agent to Blame? Localizing Faithfulness and Citation Mistakes in Agentic Deep Researchcited by 1
  6. 2026A Survey on Rubric-Guided Reinforcement Learning for Language Modelscited by 1
  7. 2026ViDR: Grounding Multimodal Deep Research Reports in Source Visual Evidencecited by 0
  8. 2026DeepWeb-Bench: A Deep Research Benchmark Demanding Massive Cross-Source Evidence and Long-Horizon Derivationcited by 0
  9. 2026SGR-Bench: Benchmarking Search Agents on State-Gated Retrievalcited by 0
  10. 2026Multi-Turn Evaluation of Deep Research Agents Under Process-Level Feedbackcited by 0
  11. 2026DailyReport: An Open-ended Benchmark for Evaluating Search Agents on Daily Search Taskscited by 0
  12. 2026Beyond Score Prediction: LLM-Based Essay Scoring and Feedback Generation via Reinforcement Learning with Rubric Rewardscited by 0
  13. 2026From Simple QA to Deep Research: A Verifiable Benchmark Constructed through Iterative Task Evolutioncited by 0
  14. 2026Beyond Fault Localization: A Trajectory-Level Study of LLM Agents for Microservice Root Cause Analysiscited by 0
  15. 2026Redesigning and Auditing Deep Research Writing for Faithful Reportscited by 0
  16. 2026Learning to Evaluate Before Improving: Automatic Rubric Induction for Automatic Research Agentscited by 0
  17. 2026SearchAtlas: Analyzing Agentic Search Strategies via Evidential Query Graphscited by 0
  18. 2026Atria Dawn: The Dawn of Agentic Superintelligencecited by 0
  19. 2026Rethinking Multi-Agent Collaboration: When More Is Lesscited by 0
  20. 2026LongCat-DeepResearch Technical Reportcited by 0
  21. 2026SAIL: Scientific Agentic Intelligence via a Science-Aware Loopcited by 0

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