mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

FronTalk: Benchmarking Front-End Development as Conversational Code Generation with Multi-Modal Feedback

arXiv 2601.04203 ↗First posted 5 Dec 2025cs.CL cs.CV cs.LGcited by 14

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Abstract (arXiv)

We present FronTalk, a benchmark for front-end code generation that pioneers the study of a unique interaction dynamic: conversational code generation with multi-modal feedback. In front-end development, visual artifacts such as sketches, mockups and annotated creenshots are essential for conveying design intent, yet their role in multi-turn code generation remains largely unexplored. To address this gap, we focus on the front-end development task and curate FronTalk, a collection of 100 multi-turn dialogues derived from real-world websites across diverse domains such as news, finance, and art. Each turn features both a textual instruction and an equivalent visual instruction, each representing the same user intent. To comprehensively evaluate model performance, we propose a novel agent-based evaluation framework leveraging a web agent to simulate users and explore the website, and thus measuring both functional correctness and user experience. Evaluation of 20 models reveals two key challenges that are under-explored systematically in the literature: (1) a significant forgetting issue where models overwrite previously implemented features, resulting in task failures, and (2) a persistent challenge in interpreting visual feedback, especially for open-source vision-language models (VLMs). We propose a strong baseline to tackle the forgetting issue with AceCoder, a method that critiques the implementation of every past instruction using an autonomous web agent. This approach significantly reduces forgetting to nearly zero and improves the performance by up to 9.3% (56.0% to 65.3%). Overall, we aim to provide a solid foundation for future research in front-end development and the general interaction dynamics of multi-turn, multi-modal code generation. Code and data are released at https://github.com/shirley-wu/frontalk

Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 19 of its 39 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 5 Dec 2025.

Builds on

19 of 39 references.

References · 19

  1. 2019Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformercited by 14,491
  2. 2021Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Codecited by 8,053
  3. 2023Efficient Memory Management for Large Language Model Serving with PagedAttentioncited by 5,767
  4. 2021Program Synthesis with Large Language Modelscited by 3,509
  5. 2022BERTopic: Neural topic modeling with a class-based TF-IDF procedurecited by 779
  6. 2024WebVoyager: Building an End-to-End Web Agent with Large Multimodal Modelscited by 424
  7. 2025LLMs Get Lost In Multi-Turn Conversationcited by 400
  8. 2023MINT: Evaluating LLMs in Multi-turn Interaction with Tools and Language Feedbackcited by 293
  9. 2024Design2Code: Benchmarking Multimodal Code Generation for Automated Front-End Engineeringcited by 146
  10. 2024Unlocking the conversion of Web Screenshots into HTML Code with the WebSight Datasetcited by 126
  11. 2025WebGen-Bench: Evaluating LLMs on Generating Interactive and Functional Websites from Scratchcited by 66
  12. 2024Interaction2Code: Benchmarking MLLM-based Interactive Webpage Code Generation from Interactive Prototypingcited by 50
7 more
  1. 2025DesignBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for MLLM-based Front-end Code Generationcited by 41
  2. 2024Sketch2Code: Evaluating Vision-Language Models for Interactive Web Design Prototypingcited by 29
  3. 2025FullFront: Benchmarking MLLMs Across the Full Front-End Engineering Workflowcited by 25
  4. 2025FrontendBench: A Benchmark for Evaluating LLMs on Front-End Development via Automatic Evaluationcited by 17
  5. 2025WebUIBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Evaluating Multimodal Large Language Models in WebUI-to-Codecited by 14
  6. 2025ConvCodeWorld: Benchmarking Conversational Code Generation in Reproducible Feedback Environmentscited by 13
  7. 2025WebGen-Agent: Enhancing Interactive Website Generation with Multi-Level Feedback and Step-Level Reinforcement Learningcited by 11

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Citing papers per year: 2026: 14.

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  1. 2025WebVIA: A Web-based Vision-Language Agentic Framework for Interactive and Verifiable UI-to-Code Generation
  2. 2026Rendering-in-the-Loop: An Execution-Driven Agent for Interactive Web Development
  3. 2025ArtifactsBench: Bridging the Visual-Interactive Gap in LLM Code Generation Evaluation
  4. 2026Enabling Creative Exploration for Vibe Design Agents
  5. 2026Asuka-Bench: Benchmarking Code Agents on Underspecified User Intent and Multi-Round Refinement
  6. 2026Vision-Guided Iterative Refinement for Frontend Code Generation
  7. 2026InteractWeb-Bench: Can Multimodal Agent Escape Blind Execution in Interactive Website Generation?
  8. 2026VISTA: An End-to-End Benchmark for Visual Spec-to-Web-App Coding Agents