mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

HoneyTrap: Deceiving Large Language Model Attackers to Honeypot Traps with Resilient Multi-Agent Defense

arXiv 2601.04034 ↗First posted 7 Jan 2026cs.CR cs.AIcited by 6

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Agent threats, guardrails and governance

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Abstract (arXiv)

Jailbreak attacks pose significant threats to large language models (LLMs), enabling attackers to bypass safeguards. However, existing reactive defense approaches struggle to keep up with the rapidly evolving multi-turn jailbreaks, where attackers continuously deepen their attacks to exploit vulnerabilities. To address this critical challenge, we propose HoneyTrap, a novel deceptive LLM defense framework leveraging collaborative defenders to counter jailbreak attacks. It integrates four defensive agents, Threat Interceptor, Misdirection Controller, Forensic Tracker, and System Harmonizer, each performing a specialized security role and collaborating to complete a deceptive defense. To ensure a comprehensive evaluation, we introduce MTJ-Pro, a challenging multi-turn progressive jailbreak dataset that combines seven advanced jailbreak strategies designed to gradually deepen attack strategies across multi-turn attacks. Besides, we present two novel metrics: Mislead Success Rate (MSR) and Attack Resource Consumption (ARC), which provide more nuanced assessments of deceptive defense beyond conventional measures. Experimental results on GPT-4, GPT-3.5-turbo, Gemini-1.5-pro, and LLaMa-3.1 demonstrate that HoneyTrap achieves an average reduction of 68.77% in attack success rates compared to state-of-the-art baselines. Notably, even in a dedicated adaptive attacker setting with intensified conditions, HoneyTrap remains resilient, leveraging deceptive engagement to prolong interactions, significantly increasing the time and computational costs required for successful exploitation. Unlike simple rejection, HoneyTrap strategically wastes attacker resources without impacting benign queries, improving MSR and ARC by 118.11% and 149.16%, respectively.

Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Agent threats, guardrails and governance, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 62 of its 76 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Jan 2026.

Builds on

62 of 76 references.

References · 62

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  10. 2023Jailbreaking Black Box Large Language Models in Twenty Queriescited by 1,326
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38 more
  1. 2024Large Language Model based Multi-Agents: A Survey of Progress and Challengescited by 752
  2. 2023ChatEval: Towards Better LLM-based Evaluators through Multi-Agent Debatecited by 724
  3. 2023Baseline Defenses for Adversarial Attacks Against Aligned Language Modelscited by 608
  4. 2024How Johnny Can Persuade LLMs to Jailbreak Them: Rethinking Persuasion to Challenge AI Safety by Humanizing LLMscited by 533
  5. 2023GPTFUZZER: Red Teaming Large Language Models with Auto-Generated Jailbreak Promptscited by 520
  6. 2023Jailbreaking ChatGPT via Prompt Engineering: An Empirical Studycited by 478
  7. 2023"Do Anything Now": Characterizing and Evaluating In-The-Wild Jailbreak Prompts on Large Language Modelscited by 457
  8. 2023Catastrophic Jailbreak of Open-source LLMs via Exploiting Generationcited by 439
  9. 2023SmoothLLM: Defending Large Language Models Against Jailbreaking Attackscited by 434
  10. 2023How Far Can Camels Go? Exploring the State of Instruction Tuning on Open Resourcescited by 405
  11. 2023GPT-4 Is Too Smart To Be Safe: Stealthy Chat with LLMs via Ciphercited by 401
  12. 2023Jailbreak and Guard Aligned Language Models with Only Few In-Context Demonstrationscited by 401
  13. 2023Safety-Tuned LLaMAs: Lessons From Improving the Safety of Large Language Models that Follow Instructionscited by 377
  14. 2023DeepInception: Hypnotize Large Language Model to Be Jailbreakercited by 337
  15. 2021AI Chains: Transparent and Controllable Human-AI Interaction by Chaining Large Language Model Promptscited by 265
  16. 2023Certifying LLM Safety against Adversarial Promptingcited by 248
  17. 2023Unleashing the Emergent Cognitive Synergy in Large Language Models: A Task-Solving Agent through Multi-Persona Self-Collaborationcited by 246
  18. 2024SafeDecoding: Defending against Jailbreak Attacks via Safety-Aware Decodingcited by 233
  19. 2023Red-Teaming Large Language Models using Chain of Utterances for Safety-Alignmentcited by 213
  20. 2023Defending Against Alignment-Breaking Attacks via Robustly Aligned LLMcited by 173
  21. 2023MasterKey: Automated Jailbreak Across Multiple Large Language Model Chatbotscited by 172
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  23. 2024AmpleGCG: Learning a Universal and Transferable Generative Model of Adversarial Suffixes for Jailbreaking Both Open and Closed LLMscited by 160
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  25. 2024Robust Prompt Optimization for Defending Language Models Against Jailbreaking Attackscited by 150
  26. 2023Distributional Preference Learning: Understanding and Accounting for Hidden Context in RLHFcited by 125
  27. 2023Universal Jailbreak Backdoors from Poisoned Human Feedbackcited by 120
  28. 2024LLM Multi-Agent Systems: Challenges and Open Problemscited by 119
  29. 2024Making Them Ask and Answer: Jailbreaking Large Language Models in Few Queries via Disguise and Reconstructioncited by 95
  30. 2023Use of LLMs for Illicit Purposes: Threats, Prevention Measures, and Vulnerabilitiescited by 76
  31. 2023Attack Prompt Generation for Red Teaming and Defending Large Language Modelscited by 73
  32. 2024JailbreakZoo: Survey, Landscapes, and Horizons in Jailbreaking Large Language and Vision-Language Modelscited by 67
  33. 2024Defending LLMs against Jailbreaking Attacks via Backtranslationcited by 65
  34. 2024Fight Back Against Jailbreaking via Prompt Adversarial Tuningcited by 63
  35. 2024Bag of Tricks: Benchmarking of Jailbreak Attacks on LLMscited by 47
  36. 2023Empowering Autonomous Driving with Large Language Models: A Safety Perspectivecited by 34
  37. 2024AttnGCG: Enhancing Jailbreaking Attacks on LLMs with Attention Manipulationcited by 31
  38. 2024Faster-GCG: Efficient Discrete Optimization Jailbreak Attacks against Aligned Large Language Modelscited by 23

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Citing papers per year: 2026: 6.

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  3. 2025MetaCipher: A Time-Persistent and Universal Multi-Agent Framework for Cipher-Based Jailbreak Attacks for LLMs
  4. 2025From LLMs to MLLMs to Agents: A Survey of Emerging Paradigms in Jailbreak Attacks and Defenses within LLM Ecosystem
  5. 2025ASTRA: An Automated Framework for Strategy Discovery, Retrieval, and Evolution for Jailbreaking LLMs
  6. 2024HoneyGPT: Breaking the Trilemma in Terminal Honeypots with Large Language Model
  7. 2024AutoDefense: Multi-Agent LLM Defense against Jailbreak Attacks
  8. 2024Stealthy Jailbreak Attacks on Large Language Models via Benign Data Mirroring