Are First-Order Diffusion Samplers Really Slower? A Fast Forward-Value Approach
On the map: Diffusion models → Diffusion foundations and sampling
Abstract (arXiv)
Higher-order ODE solvers have become a standard tool for accelerating diffusion probabilistic model (DPM) sampling, motivating the widespread view that first-order methods are inherently slower and that increasing discretization order is the primary path to faster generation. This paper challenges this belief and revisits acceleration from a complementary angle: beyond solver order, the placement of DPM evaluations along the reverse-time dynamics can substantially affect sampling accuracy in the low-neural function evaluation (NFE) regime. We propose a novel training-free, first-order sampler whose leading discretization error has the opposite sign to that of DDIM. Algorithmically, the method approximates the forward-value evaluation via a cheap one-step lookahead predictor. We provide theoretical guarantees showing that the resulting sampler provably approximates the ideal forward-value trajectory while retaining first-order convergence. Empirically, across standard image generation benchmarks (CIFAR-10, ImageNet, FFHQ, and LSUN), the proposed sampler consistently improves sample quality under the same NFE budget and can be competitive with, and sometimes outperform, state-of-the-art higher-order samplers. Overall, the results suggest that the placement of DPM evaluations provides an additional and largely independent design angle for accelerating diffusion sampling.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Diffusion foundations and sampling, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 49 of its 55 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 31 Dec 2025.
Builds on
49 of 55 references.
Closest ancestors · 40
Same direction, newest first
- 2025The Principles of Diffusion Models24 Oct
- 2025Faster Diffusion Models via Higher-Order Approximation30 Jun
- 2025Dimension-Free Convergence of Diffusion Models for Approximate Gaussian Mixtures7 Apr
- 2025Advancing Wasserstein Convergence Analysis of Score-Based Models: Insights from Discretization and Second-Order Acceleration7 Feb
- 2024Provable Acceleration for Diffusion Models under Minimal Assumptions30 Oct
- 2024Instance-dependent Convergence Theory for Diffusion Models17 Oct
- 2024Stochastic Runge-Kutta Methods: Provable Acceleration of Diffusion Models7 Oct
- 2024O(d/T) Convergence Theory for Diffusion Probabilistic Models under Minimal Assumptions27 Sep
- 2024Faster Diffusion Sampling with Randomized Midpoints: Sequential and Parallel3 Jun
- 2024Reverse Transition Kernel: A Flexible Framework to Accelerate Diffusion Inference26 May
- 2024Accelerating Diffusion Models with Parallel Sampling: Inference at Sub-Linear Time Complexity24 May
- 2024Convergence Analysis of Probability Flow ODE for Score-based Generative Models15 Apr
28 more
- 2024Accelerating Convergence of Score-Based Diffusion Models, Provably6 Mar
- 2023DPM-Solver-v3: Improved Diffusion ODE Solver with Empirical Model Statistics20 Oct
- 2023SA-Solver: Stochastic Adams Solver for Fast Sampling of Diffusion Models10 Sep
- 2023Nearly d-Linear Convergence Bounds for Diffusion Models via Stochastic Localization7 Aug
- 2023Towards Faster Non-Asymptotic Convergence for Diffusion-Based Generative Models15 Jun
- 2023Parallel Sampling of Diffusion Models25 May
- 2023The probability flow ODE is provably fast19 May
- 2023Consistency Models2 Mar
- 2023UniPC: A Unified Predictor-Corrector Framework for Fast Sampling of Diffusion Models9 Feb
- 2022Improved Analysis of Score-based Generative Modeling: User-Friendly Bounds under Minimal Smoothness Assumptions3 Nov
- 2022DPM-Solver++: Fast Solver for Guided Sampling of Diffusion Probabilistic Models2 Nov
- 2022On Distillation of Guided Diffusion Models6 Oct
- 2022Convergence of score-based generative modeling for general data distributions26 Sep
- 2022Sampling is as easy as learning the score: theory for diffusion models with minimal data assumptions22 Sep
- 2022Diffusion Models in Vision: A Survey10 Sep
- 2022DPM-Solver: A Fast ODE Solver for Diffusion Probabilistic Model Sampling in Around 10 Steps2 Jun
- 2022Elucidating the Design Space of Diffusion-Based Generative Models1 Jun
- 2022Fast Sampling of Diffusion Models with Exponential Integrator29 Apr
- 2022Analytic-DPM: an Analytic Estimate of the Optimal Reverse Variance in Diffusion Probabilistic Models17 Jan
- 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Models20 Dec
- 2021Variational Diffusion Models1 Jul
- 2021Gotta Go Fast When Generating Data with Score-Based Models28 May
- 2021Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesis11 May
- 2021Improved Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models18 Feb
- 2021Knowledge Distillation in Iterative Generative Models for Improved Sampling Speed7 Jan
- 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equations26 Nov
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Models6 Oct
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models19 Jun
Other references · 9
- 2015Deep Unsupervised Learning using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamicscited by 7,005
- 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latentscited by 6,539
- 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understandingcited by 6,322
- 2018A Style-Based Generator Architecture for Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 5,986
- 2019Generative Modeling by Estimating Gradients of the Data Distributioncited by 4,067
- 2015LSUN: Construction of a Large-scale Image Dataset using Deep Learning with Humans in the Loopcited by 1,350
- 2020DiffWave: A Versatile Diffusion Model for Audio Synthesiscited by 1,339
- 2022Equivariant Diffusion for Molecule Generation in 3Dcited by 666
- 2022Phenaki: Variable Length Video Generation From Open Domain Textual Descriptioncited by 475
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