The Dawn of Agentic EDA: A Survey of Autonomous Digital Chip Design

The semiconductor industry faces a critical "Productivity Gap" where design complexity outpaces human capacity. While the "AI for EDA" revolution (L2) successfully optimized specific point problems, a paradigm shift toward Agentic EDA (L3) is emerging, evolving from passive prediction to autonomous orchestration of the RTL-to-GDSII flow. This survey presents the first systematic framework for this transition, framing Agentic EDA not merely as "Chat with Tools," but as a Constrained Neuro-Symbolic Optimization problem. We propose a novel taxonomy rooted in a Cognitive Stack--Perception (aligning multimodal semantics), Cognition (planning under strict constraints), and Action (deterministic tool execution)--to dissect how probabilistic agents navigate zero-tolerance physical laws. Through this lens, we analyze the landscape: (1) in Frontend, the shift from one-shot generation to dual-loop syntactic-semantic repair; (2) in Backend, the dichotomy between algorithm-centric solvers and agent-centric orchestrators that treat executable code as a latent space. Finally, we critically examine the Trustworthiness gap, advocating for Sim-to-Silicon benchmarks and formal grounding to transform brittle prototypes into resilient engineering systems.