mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

One Tool Is Enough: Reinforcement Learning for Repository-Level LLM Agents

arXiv 2512.20957 ↗First posted 24 Dec 2025cs.SE cs.AIcited by 0

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Software engineering coding agents

Abstract (arXiv)

Locating files and functions requiring modification in large software repositories is challenging due to their scale and structural complexity. Existing LLM-based methods typically treat this as a repository-level retrieval task and rely on multiple auxiliary tools, which often overlook code execution logic and complicate model control. We propose RepoNavigator, an LLM agent equipped with a single execution-aware tool: jumping to the definition of an invoked symbol. This unified design reflects the actual flow of code execution while simplifying tool manipulation. RepoNavigator is trained end-to-end via Reinforcement Learning (RL) directly from a base pretrained model, without relying on closed-source distillation. Experiments demonstrate that RL-trained RepoNavigator achieves state-of-the-art performance, with the 7B model outperforming 14B baselines, the 14B model surpassing 32B competitors, and the 32B model exceeding closed-source models such as GPT-5 on most metrics. These results confirm that integrating a single, structurally grounded tool with RL training provides an efficient and scalable solution for repository-level issue localization.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Software engineering coding agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 45 of its 58 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Dec 2025.

Builds on

45 of 58 references.

Closest ancestors · 12

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025Lingxi: Repository-Level Issue Resolution Framework Enhanced by Procedural Knowledge Guided Scaling13 Oct
  2. 2025Trae Agent: An LLM-based Agent for Software Engineering with Test-time Scaling31 Jul
  3. 2025PAGENT: Learning to Patch Software Engineering Agents21 Jun
  4. 2025Guided Search Strategies in Non-Serializable Environments with Applications to Software Engineering Agents19 May
  5. 2025SWE-smith: Scaling Data for Software Engineering Agents30 Apr
  6. 2025PatchPilot: A Cost-Efficient Software Engineering Agent with Early Attempts on Formal Verification4 Feb
  7. 2025OrcaLoca: An LLM Agent Framework for Software Issue Localization1 Feb
  8. 2024Training Software Engineering Agents and Verifiers with SWE-Gym30 Dec
  9. 2024MarsCode Agent: AI-native Automated Bug Fixing2 Sep
  10. 2024OpenHands: An Open Platform for AI Software Developers as Generalist Agents23 Jul
  11. 2024Agentless: Demystifying LLM-based Software Engineering Agents1 Jul
  12. 2024SWE-agent: Agent-Computer Interfaces Enable Automated Software Engineering6 May

Other references · 33

  1. 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,355
  2. 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,195
  3. 2023Efficient Memory Management for Large Language Model Serving with PagedAttentioncited by 5,767
  4. 2023SWE-bench: Can Language Models Resolve Real-World GitHub Issues?cited by 3,193
  5. 2025DAPO: An Open-Source LLM Reinforcement Learning System at Scalecited by 2,678
  6. 2024Qwen2 Technical Reportcited by 2,076
  7. 2025Search-R1: Training LLMs to Reason and Leverage Search Engines with Reinforcement Learningcited by 1,371
  8. 2024DeepSeek-Coder: When the Large Language Model Meets Programming -- The Rise of Code Intelligencecited by 1,154
  9. 2024Qwen2.5-Coder Technical Reportcited by 1,151
  10. 2024Large Language Model based Multi-Agents: A Survey of Progress and Challengescited by 752
  11. 2023CogAgent: A Visual Language Model for GUI Agentscited by 692
  12. 2022Visual Programming: Compositional visual reasoning without trainingcited by 507
21 more
  1. 2024Understanding the planning of LLM agents: A surveycited by 414
  2. 2025Agent Laboratory: Using LLM Agents as Research Assistantscited by 405
  3. 2023Understanding the Effects of RLHF on LLM Generalisation and Diversitycited by 386
  4. 2023A Dynamic LLM-Powered Agent Network for Task-Oriented Agent Collaborationcited by 281
  5. 2025VAPO: Efficient and Reliable Reinforcement Learning for Advanced Reasoning Taskscited by 281
  6. 2024ToolSandbox: A Stateful, Conversational, Interactive Evaluation Benchmark for LLM Tool Use Capabilitiescited by 272
  7. 2024Personal LLM Agents: Insights and Survey about the Capability, Efficiency and Securitycited by 257
  8. 2023PromptAgent: Strategic Planning with Language Models Enables Expert-level Prompt Optimizationcited by 226
  9. 2024SWE-bench Multimodal: Do AI Systems Generalize to Visual Software Domains?cited by 196
  10. 2024EASYTOOL: Enhancing LLM-based Agents with Concise Tool Instructioncited by 153
  11. 2024CodexGraph: Bridging Large Language Models and Code Repositories via Code Graph Databasescited by 62
  12. 2024LLM With Tools: A Surveycited by 60
  13. 2024CoMM: Collaborative Multi-Agent, Multi-Reasoning-Path Prompting for Complex Problem Solvingcited by 31
  14. 2025SWE-Mirror: Scaling Issue-Resolving Datasets by Mirroring Issues Across Repositoriescited by 30
  15. 2025Beyond Two-Stage Training: Cooperative SFT and RL for LLM Reasoningcited by 28
  16. 2025MathAgent: Leveraging a Mixture-of-Math-Agent Framework for Real-World Multimodal Mathematical Error Detectioncited by 24
  17. 2025PromptSculptor: Multi-Agent Based Text-to-Image Prompt Optimizationcited by 19
  18. 2025RL Is Neither a Panacea Nor a Mirage: Understanding Supervised vs. Reinforcement Learning Fine-Tuning for LLMscited by 17
  19. 2025Tool-integrated Reinforcement Learning for Repo Deep Searchcited by 14
  20. 2025The Synergy Dilemma of Long-CoT SFT and RL: Investigating Post-Training Techniques for Reasoning VLMscited by 12
  21. 2025Extracting Conceptual Knowledge to Locate Software Issuescited by 3

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  1. 2024RLCoder: Reinforcement Learning for Repository-Level Code Completion
  2. 2026SWE-Shepherd: Advancing PRMs for Reinforcing Code Agents
  3. 2024RLEF: Grounding Code LLMs in Execution Feedback with Reinforcement Learning
  4. 2026CodeScout: An Effective Recipe for Reinforcement Learning of Code Search Agents
  5. 2026RepoNav: From Snippet Retrieval to File-Centered Repository Navigation for Code Agents
  6. 2024RepoGenReflex: Enhancing Repository-Level Code Completion with Verbal Reinforcement and Retrieval-Augmented Generation
  7. 2025Empowering RepoQA-Agent based on Reinforcement Learning Driven by Monte-carlo Tree Search
  8. 2026FastContext: Training Efficient Repository Explorer for Coding Agents