The Unseen Bias: How Norm Discrepancy in Pre-Norm MLLMs Leads to Visual Information Loss
On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → MLLM training and visual instruction tuning
Abstract (arXiv)
Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), which couple pre-trained vision encoders and language models, have shown remarkable capabilities. However, their reliance on the ubiquitous Pre-Norm architecture introduces a subtle yet critical flaw: a severe norm disparity between the high-norm visual tokens and the low-norm text tokens. In this work, we present a formal theoretical analysis demonstrating that this imbalance is not a static issue. Instead, it induces an ``asymmetric update dynamic,'' where high-norm visual tokens exhibit a ``representational inertia,'' causing them to transform semantically much slower than their textual counterparts. This fundamentally impairs effective cross-modal feature fusion. Our empirical validation across a range of mainstream MLLMs confirms that this theoretical dynamic -- the persistence of norm disparity and the resulting asymmetric update rates -- is a prevalent phenomenon. Based on this insight, we propose a remarkably simple yet effective solution: inserting a single, carefully initialized LayerNorm layer after the visual projector to enforce norm alignment. Experiments conducted on the LLaVA-1.5 architecture show that this intervention yields significant performance gains not only on a wide suite of multimodal benchmarks but also, notably, on text-only evaluations such as MMLU, suggesting that resolving the architectural imbalance leads to a more holistically capable model.
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in MLLM training and visual instruction tuning, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 48 of its 50 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Dec 2025.
Builds on
48 of 50 references.
Closest ancestors · 9
Same direction, newest first
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- 2024Ovis: Structural Embedding Alignment for Multimodal Large Language Model31 May
- 2024A Survey of Multimodal Large Language Model from A Data-centric Perspective26 May
- 2024SEED-Bench-2-Plus: Benchmarking Multimodal Large Language Models with Text-Rich Visual Comprehension25 Apr
- 2024MM-LLMs: Recent Advances in MultiModal Large Language Models24 Jan
- 2023Honeybee: Locality-enhanced Projector for Multimodal LLM11 Dec
- 2023MMBench: Is Your Multi-modal Model an All-around Player?12 Jul
Other references · 39
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- 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,192
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- 2020Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understandingcited by 7,768
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- 2023BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Modelscited by 6,069
- 2016Layer Normalizationcited by 5,579
27 more
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- 2024GPT-4o System Cardcited by 4,467
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- 2025VideoRoPE: What Makes for Good Video Rotary Position Embedding?cited by 63
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- 2025Peri-LN: Revisiting Normalization Layer in the Transformer Architecturecited by 32
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4 papers.
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- 2026Human-Centric Image Captioning with Subject-Centered Spatial Understanding8 Sep 2026
- 2026Heterogeneous Knowledge Distillation via Geometry Decoupling and Momentum-Aware Gradient Regulation23 Jun 2026
- 2026Semantic Routing: Exploring Multi-Layer LLM Feature Weighting for Diffusion Transformers3 Feb 2026
- 2025GRAN-TED: Generating Robust, Aligned, and Nuanced Text Embedding for Diffusion Models17 Dec 2025
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