RealGen: Photorealistic Text-to-Image Generation via Detector-Guided Rewards
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Abstract (arXiv)
With the continuous advancement of image generation technology, advanced models such as GPT-Image-1 and Qwen-Image have achieved remarkable text-to-image consistency and world knowledge However, these models still fall short in photorealistic image generation. Even on simple T2I tasks, they tend to produce " fake" images with distinct AI artifacts, often characterized by "overly smooth skin" and "oily facial sheens". To recapture the original goal of "indistinguishable-from-reality" generation, we propose RealGen, a photorealistic text-to-image framework. RealGen integrates an LLM component for prompt optimization and a diffusion model for realistic image generation. Inspired by adversarial generation, RealGen introduces a "Detector Reward" mechanism, which quantifies artifacts and assesses realism using both semantic-level and feature-level synthetic image detectors. We leverage this reward signal with the GRPO algorithm to optimize the entire generation pipeline, significantly enhancing image realism and detail. Furthermore, we propose RealBench, an automated evaluation benchmark employing Detector-Scoring and Arena-Scoring. It enables human-free photorealism assessment, yielding results that are more accurate and aligned with real user experience. Experiments demonstrate that RealGen significantly outperforms general models like GPT-Image-1 and Qwen-Image, as well as specialized photorealistic models like FLUX-Krea, in terms of realism, detail, and aesthetics. The code is available at https://github.com/yejy53/RealGen.
Key facts. Cited by 12 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 42 of its 50 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 Nov 2025.
Builds on
42 of 50 references.
References · 42
- 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,863
- 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,820
- 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latentscited by 6,585
- 2023SDXL: Improving Latent Diffusion Models for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,356
- 2024Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolutioncited by 4,234
- 2024Scaling Rectified Flow Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,181
- 2022InstructPix2Pix: Learning to Follow Image Editing Instructionscited by 2,611
- 2025Qwen-Image Technical Reportcited by 1,044
- 2025FLUX.1 Kontext: Flow Matching for In-Context Image Generation and Editing in Latent Spacecited by 1,006
- 2023Pick-a-Pic: An Open Dataset of User Preferences for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 977
- 2023GenEval: An Object-Focused Framework for Evaluating Text-to-Image Alignmentcited by 972
- 2025Emerging Properties in Unified Multimodal Pretrainingcited by 897
30 more
- 2023Human Preference Score v2: A Solid Benchmark for Evaluating Human Preferences of Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 890
- 2019CNN-generated images are surprisingly easy to spot... for nowcited by 847
- 2023Diffusion Model Alignment Using Direct Preference Optimizationcited by 790
- 2024Emu3: Next-Token Prediction is All You Needcited by 781
- 2024Show-o: One Single Transformer to Unify Multimodal Understanding and Generationcited by 752
- 2025Flow-GRPO: Training Flow Matching Models via Online RLcited by 661
- 2024ELLA: Equip Diffusion Models with LLM for Enhanced Semantic Alignmentcited by 475
- 2025DanceGRPO: Unleashing GRPO on Visual Generationcited by 413
- 2025BLIP3-o: A Family of Fully Open Unified Multimodal Models-Architecture, Training and Datasetcited by 376
- 2023Emu Edit: Precise Image Editing via Recognition and Generation Taskscited by 324
- 2023GenImage: A Million-Scale Benchmark for Detecting AI-Generated Imagecited by 321
- 2024Long-CLIP: Unlocking the Long-Text Capability of CLIPcited by 300
- 2025OmniGen2: Towards Instruction-Aligned Multimodal Generationcited by 253
- 2025Transfer between Modalities with MetaQueriescited by 236
- 2025HPSv3: Towards Wide-Spectrum Human Preference Scorecited by 211
- 2024Autoregressive Video Generation without Vector Quantizationcited by 186
- 2025Emu3.5: Native Multimodal Models are World Learnerscited by 132
- 2025Echo-4o: Harnessing the Power of GPT-4o Synthetic Images for Improved Image Generationcited by 100
- 2025Spot the Fake: Large Multimodal Model-Based Synthetic Image Detection with Artifact Explanationcited by 68
- 2025LEGION: Learning to Ground and Explain for Synthetic Image Detectioncited by 65
- 2025GPT-ImgEval: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Diagnosing GPT4o in Image Generationcited by 58
- 2024LOKI: A Comprehensive Synthetic Data Detection Benchmark using Large Multimodal Modelscited by 51
- 2023Perceptual Artifacts Localization for Image Synthesis Taskscited by 43
- 2025PromptEnhancer: A Simple Approach to Enhance Text-to-Image Models via Chain-of-Thought Prompt Rewritingcited by 43
- 2025Directly Aligning the Full Diffusion Trajectory with Fine-Grained Human Preferencecited by 30
- 2024CrossViewDiff: A Cross-View Diffusion Model for Satellite-to-Street View Synthesiscited by 23
- 2025Seeing Before Reasoning: A Unified Framework for Generalizable and Explainable Fake Image Detectioncited by 20
- 2023BeautifulPrompt: Towards Automatic Prompt Engineering for Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 18
- 2025OmniAID: Decoupling Semantics and Artifacts for Universal AI-Generated Image Detection in the Wildcited by 13
- 2025The Intricate Dance of Prompt Complexity, Quality, Diversity, and Consistency in T2I Modelscited by 6
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 12.
12 papers.
- 2026GenClaw: Code-Driven Agentic Image Generationcited by 11
- 2026Where Detectors Fail: Probing Generative Space for Generalizable AI-Generated Image Detectioncited by 5
- 2026FakeVLM-R1: Internalizing Physical Laws via CoT for Synthetic Image Detectioncited by 4
- 2026Advances in GRPO for Generation Models: A Surveycited by 2
- 2026Can We Perform Online RL for Image Editing without Editing Rewards?cited by 1
- 2026Vibe AIGC: A New Paradigm for Content Generation via Agentic Orchestrationcited by 0
- 2026Automated In-the-Wild Data Collection for Continual AI Generated Image Detectioncited by 0
- 2026PortraitGen: Exemplar-Driven GRPO with Dual-Reward Guidance for Photorealistic Portrait Generationcited by 0
- 2026NormGuard: Reward-Preserving Norm Constraints in Flow-Matching Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
- 2026One Query, Many Scales: Sparse Mixture-of-Experts for Efficient Hierarchical Cross-View Geo-Localizationcited by 0
- 2026Editable Visual Designcited by 0
- 2026Diagnose-to-Generate: Eliminating Structural Distortions in Flow Models via Patch-Level Grounded Alignmentcited by 0
- 2026Diagnose-to-Generate: Eliminating Structural Distortions in Flow Models via Patch-Level Grounded Alignment13 Oct 2026
- 2026Editable Visual Design3 Sep 2026
- 2026Can We Perform Online RL for Image Editing without Editing Rewards?24 Aug 2026
- 2026One Query, Many Scales: Sparse Mixture-of-Experts for Efficient Hierarchical Cross-View Geo-Localization2 Aug 2026
- 2026NormGuard: Reward-Preserving Norm Constraints in Flow-Matching Reinforcement Learning26 Jun 2026
- 2026PortraitGen: Exemplar-Driven GRPO with Dual-Reward Guidance for Photorealistic Portrait Generation25 Jun 2026
- 2026GenClaw: Code-Driven Agentic Image Generation28 May 2026
- 2026FakeVLM-R1: Internalizing Physical Laws via CoT for Synthetic Image Detection28 May 2026
- 2026Where Detectors Fail: Probing Generative Space for Generalizable AI-Generated Image Detection24 May 2026
- 2026Automated In-the-Wild Data Collection for Continual AI Generated Image Detection4 May 2026
- 2026Advances in GRPO for Generation Models: A Survey21 Feb 2026
- 2026Vibe AIGC: A New Paradigm for Content Generation via Agentic Orchestration4 Feb 2026
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2024Generative Photography: Scene-Consistent Camera Control for Realistic Text-to-Image Synthesis
- 2021GLIDE: Towards Photorealistic Image Generation and Editing with Text-Guided Diffusion Models
- 2024Improving face generation quality and prompt following with synthetic captions
- 2026When Pretty Isn't Useful: Investigating Why Modern Text-to-Image Models Fail as Reliable Training Data Generators
- 2022Implementing and Experimenting with Diffusion Models for Text-to-Image Generation
- 2025Image Realness Assessment and Localization with Multimodal Features
- 2024RealCompo: Balancing Realism and Compositionality Improves Text-to-Image Diffusion Models
- 2025Generative AI for Vision: A Comprehensive Study of Frameworks and Applications