mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

RealGen: Photorealistic Text-to-Image Generation via Detector-Guided Rewards

arXiv 2512.00473 ↗First posted 29 Nov 2025cs.CV cs.AIcited by 12

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Abstract (arXiv)

With the continuous advancement of image generation technology, advanced models such as GPT-Image-1 and Qwen-Image have achieved remarkable text-to-image consistency and world knowledge However, these models still fall short in photorealistic image generation. Even on simple T2I tasks, they tend to produce " fake" images with distinct AI artifacts, often characterized by "overly smooth skin" and "oily facial sheens". To recapture the original goal of "indistinguishable-from-reality" generation, we propose RealGen, a photorealistic text-to-image framework. RealGen integrates an LLM component for prompt optimization and a diffusion model for realistic image generation. Inspired by adversarial generation, RealGen introduces a "Detector Reward" mechanism, which quantifies artifacts and assesses realism using both semantic-level and feature-level synthetic image detectors. We leverage this reward signal with the GRPO algorithm to optimize the entire generation pipeline, significantly enhancing image realism and detail. Furthermore, we propose RealBench, an automated evaluation benchmark employing Detector-Scoring and Arena-Scoring. It enables human-free photorealism assessment, yielding results that are more accurate and aligned with real user experience. Experiments demonstrate that RealGen significantly outperforms general models like GPT-Image-1 and Qwen-Image, as well as specialized photorealistic models like FLUX-Krea, in terms of realism, detail, and aesthetics. The code is available at https://github.com/yejy53/RealGen.

Key facts. Cited by 12 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 42 of its 50 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 Nov 2025.

Builds on

42 of 50 references.

References · 42

  1. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,863
  2. 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,820
  3. 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latentscited by 6,585
  4. 2023SDXL: Improving Latent Diffusion Models for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,356
  5. 2024Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolutioncited by 4,234
  6. 2024Scaling Rectified Flow Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,181
  7. 2022InstructPix2Pix: Learning to Follow Image Editing Instructionscited by 2,611
  8. 2025Qwen-Image Technical Reportcited by 1,044
  9. 2025FLUX.1 Kontext: Flow Matching for In-Context Image Generation and Editing in Latent Spacecited by 1,006
  10. 2023Pick-a-Pic: An Open Dataset of User Preferences for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 977
  11. 2023GenEval: An Object-Focused Framework for Evaluating Text-to-Image Alignmentcited by 972
  12. 2025Emerging Properties in Unified Multimodal Pretrainingcited by 897
30 more
  1. 2023Human Preference Score v2: A Solid Benchmark for Evaluating Human Preferences of Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 890
  2. 2019CNN-generated images are surprisingly easy to spot... for nowcited by 847
  3. 2023Diffusion Model Alignment Using Direct Preference Optimizationcited by 790
  4. 2024Emu3: Next-Token Prediction is All You Needcited by 781
  5. 2024Show-o: One Single Transformer to Unify Multimodal Understanding and Generationcited by 752
  6. 2025Flow-GRPO: Training Flow Matching Models via Online RLcited by 661
  7. 2024ELLA: Equip Diffusion Models with LLM for Enhanced Semantic Alignmentcited by 475
  8. 2025DanceGRPO: Unleashing GRPO on Visual Generationcited by 413
  9. 2025BLIP3-o: A Family of Fully Open Unified Multimodal Models-Architecture, Training and Datasetcited by 376
  10. 2023Emu Edit: Precise Image Editing via Recognition and Generation Taskscited by 324
  11. 2023GenImage: A Million-Scale Benchmark for Detecting AI-Generated Imagecited by 321
  12. 2024Long-CLIP: Unlocking the Long-Text Capability of CLIPcited by 300
  13. 2025OmniGen2: Towards Instruction-Aligned Multimodal Generationcited by 253
  14. 2025Transfer between Modalities with MetaQueriescited by 236
  15. 2025HPSv3: Towards Wide-Spectrum Human Preference Scorecited by 211
  16. 2024Autoregressive Video Generation without Vector Quantizationcited by 186
  17. 2025Emu3.5: Native Multimodal Models are World Learnerscited by 132
  18. 2025Echo-4o: Harnessing the Power of GPT-4o Synthetic Images for Improved Image Generationcited by 100
  19. 2025Spot the Fake: Large Multimodal Model-Based Synthetic Image Detection with Artifact Explanationcited by 68
  20. 2025LEGION: Learning to Ground and Explain for Synthetic Image Detectioncited by 65
  21. 2025GPT-ImgEval: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Diagnosing GPT4o in Image Generationcited by 58
  22. 2024LOKI: A Comprehensive Synthetic Data Detection Benchmark using Large Multimodal Modelscited by 51
  23. 2023Perceptual Artifacts Localization for Image Synthesis Taskscited by 43
  24. 2025PromptEnhancer: A Simple Approach to Enhance Text-to-Image Models via Chain-of-Thought Prompt Rewritingcited by 43
  25. 2025Directly Aligning the Full Diffusion Trajectory with Fine-Grained Human Preferencecited by 30
  26. 2024CrossViewDiff: A Cross-View Diffusion Model for Satellite-to-Street View Synthesiscited by 23
  27. 2025Seeing Before Reasoning: A Unified Framework for Generalizable and Explainable Fake Image Detectioncited by 20
  28. 2023BeautifulPrompt: Towards Automatic Prompt Engineering for Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 18
  29. 2025OmniAID: Decoupling Semantics and Artifacts for Universal AI-Generated Image Detection in the Wildcited by 13
  30. 2025The Intricate Dance of Prompt Complexity, Quality, Diversity, and Consistency in T2I Modelscited by 6

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 12.

12 papers.

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  1. 2024Generative Photography: Scene-Consistent Camera Control for Realistic Text-to-Image Synthesis
  2. 2021GLIDE: Towards Photorealistic Image Generation and Editing with Text-Guided Diffusion Models
  3. 2024Improving face generation quality and prompt following with synthetic captions
  4. 2026When Pretty Isn't Useful: Investigating Why Modern Text-to-Image Models Fail as Reliable Training Data Generators
  5. 2022Implementing and Experimenting with Diffusion Models for Text-to-Image Generation
  6. 2025Image Realness Assessment and Localization with Multimodal Features
  7. 2024RealCompo: Balancing Realism and Compositionality Improves Text-to-Image Diffusion Models
  8. 2025Generative AI for Vision: A Comprehensive Study of Frameworks and Applications