mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

BeautifulPrompt: Towards Automatic Prompt Engineering for Text-to-Image Synthesis

arXiv 2311.06752 ↗First posted 12 Nov 2023cs.CLcited by 15

On the map: Diffusion models → Image generation, text-to-image and editing

Abstract (arXiv)

Recently, diffusion-based deep generative models (e.g., Stable Diffusion) have shown impressive results in text-to-image synthesis. However, current text-to-image models often require multiple passes of prompt engineering by humans in order to produce satisfactory results for real-world applications. We propose BeautifulPrompt, a deep generative model to produce high-quality prompts from very simple raw descriptions, which enables diffusion-based models to generate more beautiful images. In our work, we first fine-tuned the BeautifulPrompt model over low-quality and high-quality collecting prompt pairs. Then, to ensure that our generated prompts can generate more beautiful images, we further propose a Reinforcement Learning with Visual AI Feedback technique to fine-tune our model to maximize the reward values of the generated prompts, where the reward values are calculated based on the PickScore and the Aesthetic Scores. Our results demonstrate that learning from visual AI feedback promises the potential to improve the quality of generated prompts and images significantly. We further showcase the integration of BeautifulPrompt to a cloud-native AI platform to provide better text-to-image generation service in the cloud.

Key facts. Cited by 15 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Image generation, text-to-image and editing, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 13 of its 32 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 12 Nov 2023.

Builds on

13 of 32 references.

Closest ancestors · 3

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2022DiffusionDB: A Large-scale Prompt Gallery Dataset for Text-to-Image Generative Models26 Oct
  2. 2022Best Prompts for Text-to-Image Models and How to Find Them23 Sep
  3. 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latents13 Apr

Other references · 10

  1. 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 14,441
  2. 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,084
  3. 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
  4. 2022Constitutional AI: Harmlessness from AI Feedbackcited by 2,950
  5. 2019Fine-Tuning Language Models from Human Preferencescited by 2,124
  6. 2022BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Modelcited by 1,968
  7. 2023ImageReward: Learning and Evaluating Human Preferences for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 1,010
  8. 2023Pick-a-Pic: An Open Dataset of User Preferences for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 950
  9. 2023Human Preference Score: Better Aligning Text-to-Image Models with Human Preferencecited by 284
  10. 2022A Taxonomy of Prompt Modifiers for Text-To-Image Generationcited by 54

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Citing papers per year: 2024: 6; 2025: 6; 2026: 3.

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  1. 2022Optimizing Prompts for Text-to-Image Generation
  2. 2025Self-Rewarding Large Vision-Language Models for Optimizing Prompts in Text-to-Image Generation
  3. 2025Learning to Sample Effective and Diverse Prompts for Text-to-Image Generation
  4. 2024PromptCharm: Text-to-Image Generation through Multi-modal Prompting and Refinement
  5. 2024Dynamic Prompt Optimizing for Text-to-Image Generation
  6. 2022Plug-and-Play Diffusion Features for Text-Driven Image-to-Image Translation
  7. 2024Batch-Instructed Gradient for Prompt Evolution:Systematic Prompt Optimization for Enhanced Text-to-Image Synthesis
  8. 2025PromptEnhancer: A Simple Approach to Enhance Text-to-Image Models via Chain-of-Thought Prompt Rewriting