BeautifulPrompt: Towards Automatic Prompt Engineering for Text-to-Image Synthesis
On the map: Diffusion models → Image generation, text-to-image and editing
Abstract (arXiv)
Recently, diffusion-based deep generative models (e.g., Stable Diffusion) have shown impressive results in text-to-image synthesis. However, current text-to-image models often require multiple passes of prompt engineering by humans in order to produce satisfactory results for real-world applications. We propose BeautifulPrompt, a deep generative model to produce high-quality prompts from very simple raw descriptions, which enables diffusion-based models to generate more beautiful images. In our work, we first fine-tuned the BeautifulPrompt model over low-quality and high-quality collecting prompt pairs. Then, to ensure that our generated prompts can generate more beautiful images, we further propose a Reinforcement Learning with Visual AI Feedback technique to fine-tune our model to maximize the reward values of the generated prompts, where the reward values are calculated based on the PickScore and the Aesthetic Scores. Our results demonstrate that learning from visual AI feedback promises the potential to improve the quality of generated prompts and images significantly. We further showcase the integration of BeautifulPrompt to a cloud-native AI platform to provide better text-to-image generation service in the cloud.
Key facts. Cited by 15 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Image generation, text-to-image and editing, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 13 of its 32 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 12 Nov 2023.
Builds on
13 of 32 references.
Closest ancestors · 3
Same direction, newest first
- 2022DiffusionDB: A Large-scale Prompt Gallery Dataset for Text-to-Image Generative Models26 Oct
- 2022Best Prompts for Text-to-Image Models and How to Find Them23 Sep
- 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latents13 Apr
Other references · 10
- 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 14,441
- 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,084
- 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
- 2022Constitutional AI: Harmlessness from AI Feedbackcited by 2,950
- 2019Fine-Tuning Language Models from Human Preferencescited by 2,124
- 2022BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Modelcited by 1,968
- 2023ImageReward: Learning and Evaluating Human Preferences for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 1,010
- 2023Pick-a-Pic: An Open Dataset of User Preferences for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 950
- 2023Human Preference Score: Better Aligning Text-to-Image Models with Human Preferencecited by 284
- 2022A Taxonomy of Prompt Modifiers for Text-To-Image Generationcited by 54
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 6; 2025: 6; 2026: 3.
15 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2025RePrompt: Reasoning-Augmented Reprompting for Text-to-Image Generation via Reinforcement Learningcited by 22
- 2025Maestro: Self-Improving Text-to-Image Generation via Agent Orchestrationcited by 18
- 2024ChatGen: Automatic Text-to-Image Generation From FreeStyle Chattingcited by 11
- 2025RealGen: Photorealistic Text-to-Image Generation via Detector-Guided Rewardscited by 11
- 2024Iteratively Prompting Multimodal LLMs to Reproduce Natural and AI-Generated Imagescited by 9
- 2024ReNeg: Learning Negative Embedding with Reward Guidancecited by 9
- 2025PromptMap: An Alternative Interaction Style for AI-Based Image Generationcited by 8
- 2025SketchFlex: Facilitating Spatial-Semantic Coherence in Text-to-Image Generation with Region-Based Sketchescited by 6
- 2026Endogenous Reprompting: Self-Evolving Cognitive Alignment for Unified Multimodal Modelscited by 6
- 2024From Noise to Nuance: Advances in Deep Generative Image Modelscited by 3
- 2024ArtAug: Enhancing Text-to-Image Generation through Synthesis-Understanding Interactioncited by 1
- 2026EPIG: Emotion-Based Prompting for Personalised Image Generationcited by 1
3 more
- 2024IQA-Adapter: Exploring Knowledge Transfer from Image Quality Assessment to Diffusion-based Generative Modelscited by 0
- 2025AdaptaGen: Domain-Specific Image Generation through Hierarchical Semantic Optimization Frameworkcited by 0
- 2026EvoGen-Harness: Learning Where and How to Evolve Image-Generation Harnessescited by 0
- 2026EvoGen-Harness: Learning Where and How to Evolve Image-Generation Harnesses30 Sep 2026
- 2026EPIG: Emotion-Based Prompting for Personalised Image Generation11 Jun 2026
- 2026Endogenous Reprompting: Self-Evolving Cognitive Alignment for Unified Multimodal Models28 Jan 2026
- 2025RealGen: Photorealistic Text-to-Image Generation via Detector-Guided Rewards29 Nov 2025
- 2025Maestro: Self-Improving Text-to-Image Generation via Agent Orchestration12 Sep 2025
- 2025AdaptaGen: Domain-Specific Image Generation through Hierarchical Semantic Optimization Framework8 Jul 2025
- 2025RePrompt: Reasoning-Augmented Reprompting for Text-to-Image Generation via Reinforcement Learning23 May 2025
- 2025PromptMap: An Alternative Interaction Style for AI-Based Image Generation12 Mar 2025
- 2025SketchFlex: Facilitating Spatial-Semantic Coherence in Text-to-Image Generation with Region-Based Sketches11 Feb 2025
- 2024ReNeg: Learning Negative Embedding with Reward Guidance27 Dec 2024
- 2024ArtAug: Enhancing Text-to-Image Generation through Synthesis-Understanding Interaction17 Dec 2024
- 2024From Noise to Nuance: Advances in Deep Generative Image Models12 Dec 2024
3 more
- 2024IQA-Adapter: Exploring Knowledge Transfer from Image Quality Assessment to Diffusion-based Generative Models2 Dec 2024
- 2024ChatGen: Automatic Text-to-Image Generation From FreeStyle Chatting26 Nov 2024
- 2024Iteratively Prompting Multimodal LLMs to Reproduce Natural and AI-Generated Images21 Apr 2024
- 2024From Noise to Nuance: Advances in Deep Generative Image Modelscited by 3
- 2024ArtAug: Enhancing Text-to-Image Generation through Synthesis-Understanding Interactioncited by 1
- 2026EPIG: Emotion-Based Prompting for Personalised Image Generationcited by 1
- 2024IQA-Adapter: Exploring Knowledge Transfer from Image Quality Assessment to Diffusion-based Generative Modelscited by 0
- 2026EPIG: Emotion-Based Prompting for Personalised Image Generation11 Jun 2026
- 2024ArtAug: Enhancing Text-to-Image Generation through Synthesis-Understanding Interaction17 Dec 2024
- 2024From Noise to Nuance: Advances in Deep Generative Image Models12 Dec 2024
- 2024IQA-Adapter: Exploring Knowledge Transfer from Image Quality Assessment to Diffusion-based Generative Models2 Dec 2024
- 2024ReNeg: Learning Negative Embedding with Reward Guidancecited by 9
- 2024ReNeg: Learning Negative Embedding with Reward Guidance27 Dec 2024
- 2024ChatGen: Automatic Text-to-Image Generation From FreeStyle Chattingcited by 11
- 2025RealGen: Photorealistic Text-to-Image Generation via Detector-Guided Rewardscited by 11
- 2025PromptMap: An Alternative Interaction Style for AI-Based Image Generationcited by 8
- 2025SketchFlex: Facilitating Spatial-Semantic Coherence in Text-to-Image Generation with Region-Based Sketchescited by 6
- 2026Endogenous Reprompting: Self-Evolving Cognitive Alignment for Unified Multimodal Modelscited by 6
- 2025AdaptaGen: Domain-Specific Image Generation through Hierarchical Semantic Optimization Frameworkcited by 0
- 2026EvoGen-Harness: Learning Where and How to Evolve Image-Generation Harnessescited by 0
- 2026EvoGen-Harness: Learning Where and How to Evolve Image-Generation Harnesses30 Sep 2026
- 2026Endogenous Reprompting: Self-Evolving Cognitive Alignment for Unified Multimodal Models28 Jan 2026
- 2025RealGen: Photorealistic Text-to-Image Generation via Detector-Guided Rewards29 Nov 2025
- 2025AdaptaGen: Domain-Specific Image Generation through Hierarchical Semantic Optimization Framework8 Jul 2025
- 2025PromptMap: An Alternative Interaction Style for AI-Based Image Generation12 Mar 2025
- 2025SketchFlex: Facilitating Spatial-Semantic Coherence in Text-to-Image Generation with Region-Based Sketches11 Feb 2025
- 2024ChatGen: Automatic Text-to-Image Generation From FreeStyle Chatting26 Nov 2024
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2022Optimizing Prompts for Text-to-Image Generation
- 2025Self-Rewarding Large Vision-Language Models for Optimizing Prompts in Text-to-Image Generation
- 2025Learning to Sample Effective and Diverse Prompts for Text-to-Image Generation
- 2024PromptCharm: Text-to-Image Generation through Multi-modal Prompting and Refinement
- 2024Dynamic Prompt Optimizing for Text-to-Image Generation
- 2022Plug-and-Play Diffusion Features for Text-Driven Image-to-Image Translation
- 2024Batch-Instructed Gradient for Prompt Evolution:Systematic Prompt Optimization for Enhanced Text-to-Image Synthesis
- 2025PromptEnhancer: A Simple Approach to Enhance Text-to-Image Models via Chain-of-Thought Prompt Rewriting