Multi-Value Alignment for LLMs via Value Decorrelation and Extrapolation
On the map: LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation → Human values and AI feedback alignment
Abstract (arXiv)
With the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs), aligning them with human values for safety and ethics has become a critical challenge. This problem is especially challenging when multiple, potentially conflicting human values must be considered and balanced. Although several variants of existing alignment methods (such as Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) and Direct Preference Optimization (DPO)) have been proposed to address multi-value alignment, they suffer from notable limitations: 1) they are often unstable and inefficient in multi-value optimization; and 2) they fail to effectively handle value conflicts. As a result, these approaches typically struggle to achieve optimal trade-offs when aligning multiple values. To address this challenge, we propose a novel framework called Multi-Value Alignment (MVA). It mitigates alignment degradation caused by parameter interference among diverse human values by minimizing their mutual information. Furthermore, we propose a value extrapolation strategy to efficiently explore the Pareto frontier, thereby constructing a set of LLMs with diverse value preferences. Extensive experiments demonstrate that MVA consistently outperforms existing baselines in aligning LLMs with multiple human values.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Human values and AI feedback alignment, one of 10 directions in LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation. Builds on 25 of its 31 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Nov 2025.
Builds on
25 of 31 references.
Closest ancestors · 5
Same direction, newest first
- 2024MAP: Multi-Human-Value Alignment Palette24 Oct
- 2024PAD: Personalized Alignment of LLMs at Decoding-Time5 Oct
- 2023Personalized Soups: Personalized Large Language Model Alignment via Post-hoc Parameter Merging17 Oct
- 2023UltraFeedback: Boosting Language Models with Scaled AI Feedback2 Oct
- 2023From Instructions to Intrinsic Human Values -- A Survey of Alignment Goals for Big Models23 Aug
Other references · 20
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,419
- 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,971
- 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 15,215
- 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,715
- 2023Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Modelcited by 8,065
- 2017Deep reinforcement learning from human preferencescited by 3,912
- 2022Training a Helpful and Harmless Assistant with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedbackcited by 3,720
- 2021A General Language Assistant as a Laboratory for Alignmentcited by 1,055
- 2023BeaverTails: Towards Improved Safety Alignment of LLM via a Human-Preference Datasetcited by 860
- 2018Multi-Task Learning as Multi-Objective Optimizationcited by 821
- 2018MINE: Mutual Information Neural Estimationcited by 683
- 2023Fine-Grained Human Feedback Gives Better Rewards for Language Model Trainingcited by 401
8 more
- 2023A Survey on Large Language Models for Recommendationcited by 379
- 2024Rewards-in-Context: Multi-objective Alignment of Foundation Models with Dynamic Preference Adjustmentcited by 175
- 2024Arithmetic Control of LLMs for Diverse User Preferences: Directional Preference Alignment with Multi-Objective Rewardscited by 148
- 2023HelpSteer: Multi-attribute Helpfulness Dataset for SteerLMcited by 142
- 2024Reinforcement Learning for LLM Post-Training: A Surveycited by 92
- 2019The HSIC Bottleneck: Deep Learning without Back-Propagationcited by 77
- 2025Robust Multi-Objective Preference Alignment with Online DPOcited by 22
- 2025Self-Improvement Towards Pareto Optimality: Mitigating Preference Conflicts in Multi-Objective Alignmentcited by 16
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 4.
5 papers.
- 2026BalDRO: A Distributionally Robust Optimization based Framework for Large Language Model Unlearningcited by 8
- 2026VC-Soup: Value-Consistency Guided Multi-Value Alignment for Large Language Modelscited by 2
- 2025Multimodal Large Language Models with Adaptive Preference Optimization for Sequential Recommendationcited by 1
- 2026Explaining and Breaking the Safety-Helpfulness Ceiling via Preference Dimensional Expansioncited by 1
- 2026Learn Before You Judge: Progressive Knowledge-to-Decision Alignment for Explainable Hateful Meme Detectioncited by 0
- 2026Learn Before You Judge: Progressive Knowledge-to-Decision Alignment for Explainable Hateful Meme Detection17 Sep 2026
- 2026Explaining and Breaking the Safety-Helpfulness Ceiling via Preference Dimensional Expansion12 May 2026
- 2026VC-Soup: Value-Consistency Guided Multi-Value Alignment for Large Language Models18 Mar 2026
- 2026BalDRO: A Distributionally Robust Optimization based Framework for Large Language Model Unlearning14 Jan 2026
- 2025Multimodal Large Language Models with Adaptive Preference Optimization for Sequential Recommendation24 Nov 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026VISA: Value Injection via Shielded Adaptation for Personalized LLM Alignment
- 2024Are the Values of LLMs Structurally Aligned with Humans? A Causal Perspective
- 2025PICACO: Pluralistic In-Context Value Alignment of LLMs via Total Correlation Optimization
- 2025Alignment and Safety in Large Language Models: Safety Mechanisms, Training Paradigms, and Emerging Challenges
- 2025DiverValue-Bench: A Benchmark and Fine-Tuning Framework for Aligning Large Language Models with Diverse Human Values
- 2025Gradient-Adaptive Policy Optimization: Towards Multi-Objective Alignment of Large Language Models
- 2025Internal Value Alignment in Large Language Models through Controlled Value Vector Activation
- 2026Toward Stable Value Alignment: Introducing Independent Modules for Consistent Value Guidance