mlsanityData to 13 Oct 2026

OFFSIDE: Benchmarking Unlearning Misinformation in Multimodal Large Language Models

arXiv 2510.22535 ↗First posted 26 Oct 2025cs.AI cs.CLcited by 7

On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → MLLM jailbreaks and adversarial robustness

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Abstract (arXiv)

Advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) intensify concerns about data privacy, making Machine Unlearning (MU), the selective removal of learned information, a critical necessity. However, existing MU benchmarks for MLLMs are limited by a lack of image diversity, potential inaccuracies, and insufficient evaluation scenarios, which fail to capture the complexity of real-world applications. To facilitate the development of MLLMs unlearning and alleviate the aforementioned limitations, we introduce OFFSIDE, a novel benchmark for evaluating misinformation unlearning in MLLMs based on football transfer rumors. This manually curated dataset contains 15.68K records for 80 players, providing a comprehensive framework with four test sets to assess forgetting efficacy, generalization, utility, and robustness. OFFSIDE supports advanced settings like selective unlearning and corrective relearning, and crucially, unimodal unlearning (forgetting only text data). Our extensive evaluation of multiple baselines reveals key findings: (1) Unimodal methods (erasing text-based knowledge) fail on multimodal rumors; (2) Unlearning efficacy is largely driven by catastrophic forgetting; (3) All methods struggle with "visual rumors" (rumors appear in the image); (4) The unlearned rumors can be easily recovered and (5) All methods are vulnerable to prompt attacks. These results expose significant vulnerabilities in current approaches, highlighting the need for more robust multimodal unlearning solutions. The code is available at https://github.com/zh121800/OFFSIDE

Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 13 Oct 2026). Placed in MLLM jailbreaks and adversarial robustness, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 49 of its 62 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Oct 2025.

Builds on

49 of 62 references.

Closest ancestors · 6

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025PULSE: Practical Evaluation Scenarios for Large Multimodal Model Unlearning2 Jul
  2. 2025PEBench: A Fictitious Dataset to Benchmark Machine Unlearning for Multimodal Large Language Models16 Mar
  3. 2025SafeEraser: Enhancing Safety in Multimodal Large Language Models through Multimodal Machine Unlearning18 Feb
  4. 2025MMUnlearner: Reformulating Multimodal Machine Unlearning in the Era of Multimodal Large Language Models16 Feb
  5. 2024Protecting Privacy in Multimodal Large Language Models with MLLMU-Bench29 Oct
  6. 2024Single Image Unlearning: Efficient Machine Unlearning in Multimodal Large Language Models21 May

Other references · 43

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  6. 2023MMBench: Is Your Multi-modal Model an All-around Player?cited by 2,118
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  10. 2019Three scenarios for continual learningcited by 612
  11. 2021Editing Factual Knowledge in Language Modelscited by 551
  12. 2024TOFU: A Task of Fictitious Unlearning for LLMscited by 519
31 more
  1. 2024Negative Preference Optimization: From Catastrophic Collapse to Effective Unlearningcited by 496
  2. 2021Fast Model Editing at Scalecited by 493
  3. 2023Who's Harry Potter? Approximate Unlearning in LLMscited by 376
  4. 2023Large Language Model Unlearningcited by 300
  5. 2021Unrolling SGD: Understanding Factors Influencing Machine Unlearningcited by 277
  6. 2024MUSE: Machine Unlearning Six-Way Evaluation for Language Modelscited by 257
  7. 2022Quark: Controllable Text Generation with Reinforced Unlearningcited by 237
  8. 2023Can Sensitive Information Be Deleted From LLMs? Objectives for Defending Against Extraction Attackscited by 157
  9. 2022Continual Learning and Private Unlearningcited by 129
  10. 2024Machine Unlearning of Pre-trained Large Language Modelscited by 119
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  15. 2024Machine Unlearning in Generative AI: A Surveycited by 49
  16. 2023Can We Edit Multimodal Large Language Models?cited by 44
  17. 2024Challenging Forgets: Unveiling the Worst-Case Forget Sets in Machine Unlearningcited by 44
  18. 2023Knowledge Unlearning for LLMs: Tasks, Methods, and Challengescited by 38
  19. 2024CLEAR: Character Unlearning in Textual and Visual Modalitiescited by 36
  20. 2024Revisiting Who's Harry Potter: Towards Targeted Unlearning from a Causal Intervention Perspectivecited by 35
  21. 2024GeoReasoner: Geo-localization with Reasoning in Street Views using a Large Vision-Language Modelcited by 27
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  23. 2024MIKE: A New Benchmark for Fine-grained Multimodal Entity Knowledge Editingcited by 25
  24. 2025ReLearn: Unlearning via Learning for Large Language Modelscited by 21
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  30. 2025Label Smoothing Improves Gradient Ascent in LLM Unlearningcited by 3
  31. 2025ScEdit: Script-based Assessment of Knowledge Editingcited by 1

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Cited by year (2026 to 13 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 6.

7 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025LLM Unlearning on Noisy Forget Sets: A Study of Incomplete, Rewritten, and Watermarked Data
  2. 2026Unlearning in LLMs: Methods, Evaluation, and Open Challenges
  3. 2025BLUR: A Benchmark for LLM Unlearning Robust to Forget-Retain Overlap
  4. 2024RWKU: Benchmarking Real-World Knowledge Unlearning for Large Language Models
  5. 2024Offset Unlearning for Large Language Models
  6. 2026Exploring and Bridging Knowledge Holes in Unlearned Multimodal Large Language Models
  7. 2025Towards Reasoning-Preserving Unlearning in Multimodal Large Language Models
  8. 2024Digital Forgetting in Large Language Models: A Survey of Unlearning Methods