UNO-Bench: A Unified Benchmark for Exploring the Compositional Law Between Uni-modal and Omni-modal in Omni Models
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Multimodal Large Languages models have been progressing from uni-modal understanding toward unifying visual, audio and language modalities, collectively termed omni models. However, the correlation between uni-modal and omni-modal remains unclear, which requires comprehensive evaluation to drive omni model's intelligence evolution. In this work, we introduce a novel, high-quality, and UNified Omni model benchmark, UNO-Bench. This benchmark is designed to effectively evaluate both UNi-modal and Omni-modal capabilities under a unified ability taxonomy, spanning 44 task types and 5 modality combinations. It includes 1250 human curated samples for omni-modal with 98% cross-modality solvability, and 2480 enhanced uni-modal samples. The human-generated dataset is well-suited to real-world scenarios, particularly within the Chinese context, whereas the automatically compressed dataset offers a 90% increase in speed and maintains 98% consistency across 18 public benchmarks. In addition to traditional multi-choice questions, we propose an innovative multi-step open-ended question format to assess complex reasoning. A general scoring model is incorporated, supporting 6 question types for automated evaluation with 95% accuracy. Experimental result shows the Compositional Law between omni-modal and uni-modal performance and the omni-modal capability manifests as a bottleneck effect on weak models, while exhibiting synergistic promotion on strong models.
Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 48 of its 55 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Oct 2025.
Builds on
48 of 55 references.
References · 48
- 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,820
- 2025Qwen2.5-VL Technical Reportcited by 5,587
- 2025Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilitiescited by 3,796
- 2023Let's Verify Step by Stepcited by 3,789
- 2023MMBench: Is Your Multi-modal Model an All-around Player?cited by 2,141
- 2023MMMU: A Massive Multi-discipline Multimodal Understanding and Reasoning Benchmark for Expert AGIcited by 2,080
- 2023MME: A Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark for Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 1,652
- 2023MathVista: Evaluating Mathematical Reasoning of Foundation Models in Visual Contextscited by 1,614
- 2024Video-MME: The First-Ever Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark of Multi-modal LLMs in Video Analysiscited by 1,413
- 2019Common Voice: A Massively-Multilingual Speech Corpuscited by 1,384
- 2020DocVQA: A Dataset for VQA on Document Imagescited by 1,317
- 2025Kimi k1.5: Scaling Reinforcement Learning with LLMscited by 1,210
36 more
- 2023MVBench: A Comprehensive Multi-modal Video Understanding Benchmarkcited by 1,109
- 2024MiniCPM-V: A GPT-4V Level MLLM on Your Phonecited by 1,079
- 2023SEED-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal LLMs with Generative Comprehensioncited by 940
- 2021NExT-QA:Next Phase of Question-Answering to Explaining Temporal Actionscited by 744
- 2018CoQA: A Conversational Question Answering Challengecited by 683
- 2024LongVideoBench: A Benchmark for Long-context Interleaved Video-Language Understandingcited by 665
- 2024Measuring Multimodal Mathematical Reasoning with MATH-Vision Datasetcited by 526
- 2024MMMU-Pro: A More Robust Multi-discipline Multimodal Understanding Benchmarkcited by 512
- 2023OCRBench: On the Hidden Mystery of OCR in Large Multimodal Modelscited by 476
- 2025GLM-4.5: Agentic, Reasoning, and Coding (ARC) Foundation Modelscited by 467
- 2024TempCompass: Do Video LLMs Really Understand Videos?cited by 363
- 2024MMAU: A Massive Multi-Task Audio Understanding and Reasoning Benchmarkcited by 288
- 2025Video-MMMU: Evaluating Knowledge Acquisition from Multi-Discipline Professional Videoscited by 236
- 2024CharXiv: Charting Gaps in Realistic Chart Understanding in Multimodal LLMscited by 234
- 2025Kimi-Audio Technical Reportcited by 222
- 2024AIR-Bench: Benchmarking Large Audio-Language Models via Generative Comprehensioncited by 220
- 2024MuirBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Robust Multi-image Understandingcited by 188
- 2023mPLUG-DocOwl: Modularized Multimodal Large Language Model for Document Understandingcited by 168
- 2025WorldSense: Evaluating Real-world Omnimodal Understanding for Multimodal LLMscited by 155
- 2024OmniDocBench: Benchmarking Diverse PDF Document Parsing with Comprehensive Annotationscited by 150
- 2025MMVU: Measuring Expert-Level Multi-Discipline Video Understandingcited by 137
- 2025Baichuan-Omni-1.5 Technical Reportcited by 111
- 2025Daily-Omni: Towards Audio-Visual Reasoning with Temporal Alignment across Modalitiescited by 110
- 2024Benchmarking Benchmark Leakage in Large Language Modelscited by 106
- 2025Step-Audio 2 Technical Reportcited by 105
- 2025MMSU: A Massive Multi-task Spoken Language Understanding and Reasoning Benchmarkcited by 103
- 2024OmniBench: Towards The Future of Universal Omni-Language Modelscited by 102
- 2024GMAI-MMBench: A Comprehensive Multimodal Evaluation Benchmark Towards General Medical AIcited by 96
- 2024SD-Eval: A Benchmark Dataset for Spoken Dialogue Understanding Beyond Wordscited by 68
- 2024Focus Anywhere for Fine-grained Multi-page Document Understandingcited by 62
- 2024Online Video Understanding: OVBench and VideoChat-Onlinecited by 61
- 2024CMMMU: A Chinese Massive Multi-discipline Multimodal Understanding Benchmarkcited by 56
- 2024AV-Odyssey Bench: Can Your Multimodal LLMs Really Understand Audio-Visual Information?cited by 47
- 2021SD-QA: Spoken Dialectal Question Answering for the Real Worldcited by 38
- 2024ReMI: A Dataset for Reasoning with Multiple Imagescited by 30
- 2025VideoVista-CulturalLingo: 360^circ Horizons-Bridging Cultures, Languages, and Domains in Video Comprehensioncited by 4
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 12.
13 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2025LongCat-Flash-Omni Technical Reportcited by 26
- 2026LVOmniBench: Pioneering Long Audio-Video Understanding Evaluation for Omnimodal LLMscited by 24
- 2026OmniGAIA: Towards Native Omni-Modal AI Agentscited by 22
- 2026MMOU: A Massive Multi-Task Omni Understanding and Reasoning Benchmark for Long and Complex Real-World Videoscited by 14
- 2026Omni-Modal Dissonance Benchmark: Systematically Breaking Modality Consensus to Probe Robustness and Calibrated Abstentioncited by 6
- 2026Boosting Omni-Modal Language Models: Staged Post-Training with Visually Debiased Evaluationcited by 2
- 2026OmniACBench: A Benchmark for Evaluating Context-Grounded Acoustic Control in Omni-Modal Modelscited by 1
- 2026TraceAV-Bench: Benchmarking Multi-Hop Trajectory Reasoning over Long Audio-Visual Videoscited by 1
- 2026Omni-DeepSearch: A Benchmark for Audio-Driven Omni-Modal Deep Searchcited by 1
- 2026Does Unification Come at a Cost? Uni-SafeBench: A Safety Benchmark for Unified Multimodal Large Modelscited by 0
- 2026EXAM2: Extending Audio Understanding in Multilingual and Multimodal Analysiscited by 0
- 2026Training-Free Speech-Centric Omni Understanding with Frozen VLMscited by 0
- 2026Estimating Uncertainty of Omnimodal Large Language Models via External Omnimodal Embeddings12 Oct 2026
- 2026EXAM2: Extending Audio Understanding in Multilingual and Multimodal Analysis24 Aug 2026
- 2026Training-Free Speech-Centric Omni Understanding with Frozen VLMs7 Aug 2026
- 2026Boosting Omni-Modal Language Models: Staged Post-Training with Visually Debiased Evaluation12 May 2026
- 2026Omni-DeepSearch: A Benchmark for Audio-Driven Omni-Modal Deep Search9 May 2026
- 2026TraceAV-Bench: Benchmarking Multi-Hop Trajectory Reasoning over Long Audio-Visual Videos8 May 2026
- 2026Does Unification Come at a Cost? Uni-SafeBench: A Safety Benchmark for Unified Multimodal Large Models1 Apr 2026
- 2026Omni-Modal Dissonance Benchmark: Systematically Breaking Modality Consensus to Probe Robustness and Calibrated Abstention28 Mar 2026
- 2026OmniACBench: A Benchmark for Evaluating Context-Grounded Acoustic Control in Omni-Modal Models25 Mar 2026
- 2026LVOmniBench: Pioneering Long Audio-Video Understanding Evaluation for Omnimodal LLMs19 Mar 2026
- 2026MMOU: A Massive Multi-Task Omni Understanding and Reasoning Benchmark for Long and Complex Real-World Videos14 Mar 2026
- 2026OmniGAIA: Towards Native Omni-Modal AI Agents26 Feb 2026
1 more
- 2025LongCat-Flash-Omni Technical Report31 Oct 2025
- 2026OmniGAIA: Towards Native Omni-Modal AI Agentscited by 22
- 2026OmniGAIA: Towards Native Omni-Modal AI Agents26 Feb 2026
- 2025LongCat-Flash-Omni Technical Reportcited by 26
- 2025LongCat-Flash-Omni Technical Report31 Oct 2025
- 2026LVOmniBench: Pioneering Long Audio-Video Understanding Evaluation for Omnimodal LLMscited by 24
- 2026Omni-Modal Dissonance Benchmark: Systematically Breaking Modality Consensus to Probe Robustness and Calibrated Abstentioncited by 6
- 2026Boosting Omni-Modal Language Models: Staged Post-Training with Visually Debiased Evaluationcited by 2
- 2026OmniACBench: A Benchmark for Evaluating Context-Grounded Acoustic Control in Omni-Modal Modelscited by 1
- 2026TraceAV-Bench: Benchmarking Multi-Hop Trajectory Reasoning over Long Audio-Visual Videoscited by 1
- 2026Omni-DeepSearch: A Benchmark for Audio-Driven Omni-Modal Deep Searchcited by 1
- 2026Does Unification Come at a Cost? Uni-SafeBench: A Safety Benchmark for Unified Multimodal Large Modelscited by 0
- 2026EXAM2: Extending Audio Understanding in Multilingual and Multimodal Analysiscited by 0
- 2026Training-Free Speech-Centric Omni Understanding with Frozen VLMscited by 0
- 2026Estimating Uncertainty of Omnimodal Large Language Models via External Omnimodal Embeddingscited by 0
- 2026Estimating Uncertainty of Omnimodal Large Language Models via External Omnimodal Embeddings12 Oct 2026
- 2026EXAM2: Extending Audio Understanding in Multilingual and Multimodal Analysis24 Aug 2026
- 2026Training-Free Speech-Centric Omni Understanding with Frozen VLMs7 Aug 2026
- 2026Boosting Omni-Modal Language Models: Staged Post-Training with Visually Debiased Evaluation12 May 2026
- 2026Omni-DeepSearch: A Benchmark for Audio-Driven Omni-Modal Deep Search9 May 2026
- 2026TraceAV-Bench: Benchmarking Multi-Hop Trajectory Reasoning over Long Audio-Visual Videos8 May 2026
- 2026Does Unification Come at a Cost? Uni-SafeBench: A Safety Benchmark for Unified Multimodal Large Models1 Apr 2026
- 2026Omni-Modal Dissonance Benchmark: Systematically Breaking Modality Consensus to Probe Robustness and Calibrated Abstention28 Mar 2026
- 2026OmniACBench: A Benchmark for Evaluating Context-Grounded Acoustic Control in Omni-Modal Models25 Mar 2026
- 2026LVOmniBench: Pioneering Long Audio-Video Understanding Evaluation for Omnimodal LLMs19 Mar 2026