From Competition to Synergy: Unlocking Reinforcement Learning for Subject-Driven Image Generation
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Abstract (arXiv)
Subject-driven image generation models face a fundamental trade-off between identity preservation (fidelity) and prompt adherence (editability). While online reinforcement learning (RL), specifically GPRO, offers a promising solution, we find that a naive application of GRPO leads to competitive degradation, as the simple linear aggregation of rewards with static weights causes conflicting gradient signals and a misalignment with the temporal dynamics of the diffusion process. To overcome these limitations, we propose Customized-GRPO, a novel framework featuring two key innovations: (i) Synergy-Aware Reward Shaping (SARS), a non-linear mechanism that explicitly penalizes conflicted reward signals and amplifies synergistic ones, providing a sharper and more decisive gradient. (ii) Time-Aware Dynamic Weighting (TDW), which aligns the optimization pressure with the model's temporal dynamics by prioritizing prompt-following in the early, identity preservation in the later. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms naive GRPO baselines, successfully mitigating competitive degradation. Our model achieves a superior balance, generating images that both preserve key identity features and accurately adhere to complex textual prompts.
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 30 of its 42 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Oct 2025.
Builds on
30 of 42 references.
References · 30
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- 2025Flow-GRPO: Training Flow Matching Models via Online RLcited by 605
18 more
- 2023BLIP-Diffusion: Pre-trained Subject Representation for Controllable Text-to-Image Generation and Editingcited by 438
- 2023TIFA: Accurate and Interpretable Text-to-Image Faithfulness Evaluation with Question Answeringcited by 416
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- 2023VIEScore: Towards Explainable Metrics for Conditional Image Synthesis Evaluationcited by 196
- 2025HPSv3: Towards Wide-Spectrum Human Preference Scorecited by 196
- 2025MixGRPO: Unlocking Flow-based GRPO Efficiency with Mixed ODE-SDEcited by 168
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- 2025GoT-R1: Unleashing Reasoning Capability of MLLM for Visual Generation with Reinforcement Learningcited by 51
- 2024Large-Scale Text-to-Image Model with Inpainting is a Zero-Shot Subject-Driven Image Generatorcited by 48
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- 2025Flux Already Knows -- Activating Subject-Driven Image Generation without Trainingcited by 11
- 2025FlexIP: Dynamic Control of Preservation and Personality for Customized Image Generationcited by 3
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 4.
4 papers.
- 2026SenseNova-U1.5: Towards Native Unified Visual Intelligencecited by 3
- 2026Advances in GRPO for Generation Models: A Surveycited by 1
- 2026From Synthetic to Real: Toward Identity-Consistent Makeup Transfer with Synthetic and Real Datacited by 0
- 2026Squeezing Capacity from Multimodal Large Language Models for Subject-driven Generationcited by 0
- 2026SenseNova-U1.5: Towards Native Unified Visual Intelligence10 Sep 2026
- 2026Squeezing Capacity from Multimodal Large Language Models for Subject-driven Generation25 May 2026
- 2026From Synthetic to Real: Toward Identity-Consistent Makeup Transfer with Synthetic and Real Data8 May 2026
- 2026Advances in GRPO for Generation Models: A Survey21 Feb 2026
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- 2025AR-GRPO: Training Autoregressive Image Generation Models via Reinforcement Learning
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