mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

From Competition to Synergy: Unlocking Reinforcement Learning for Subject-Driven Image Generation

arXiv 2510.18263 ↗First posted 21 Oct 2025cs.LG cs.CV cs.GRcited by 4

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Abstract (arXiv)

Subject-driven image generation models face a fundamental trade-off between identity preservation (fidelity) and prompt adherence (editability). While online reinforcement learning (RL), specifically GPRO, offers a promising solution, we find that a naive application of GRPO leads to competitive degradation, as the simple linear aggregation of rewards with static weights causes conflicting gradient signals and a misalignment with the temporal dynamics of the diffusion process. To overcome these limitations, we propose Customized-GRPO, a novel framework featuring two key innovations: (i) Synergy-Aware Reward Shaping (SARS), a non-linear mechanism that explicitly penalizes conflicted reward signals and amplifies synergistic ones, providing a sharper and more decisive gradient. (ii) Time-Aware Dynamic Weighting (TDW), which aligns the optimization pressure with the model's temporal dynamics by prioritizing prompt-following in the early, identity preservation in the later. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms naive GRPO baselines, successfully mitigating competitive degradation. Our model achieves a superior balance, generating images that both preserve key identity features and accurately adhere to complex textual prompts.

Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 30 of its 42 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Oct 2025.

Builds on

30 of 42 references.

References · 30

  1. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
  2. 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 8,964
  3. 2023Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Modelcited by 7,916
  4. 2021Emerging Properties in Self-Supervised Vision Transformerscited by 6,893
  5. 2023SDXL: Improving Latent Diffusion Models for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,290
  6. 2022Flow Straight and Fast: Learning to Generate and Transfer Data with Rectified Flowcited by 3,550
  7. 2022DreamBooth: Fine Tuning Text-to-Image Diffusion Models for Subject-Driven Generationcited by 3,286
  8. 2021CLIPScore: A Reference-free Evaluation Metric for Image Captioningcited by 2,388
  9. 2022An Image is Worth One Word: Personalizing Text-to-Image Generation using Textual Inversioncited by 2,231
  10. 2023Training Diffusion Models with Reinforcement Learningcited by 939
  11. 2022eDiff-I: Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with an Ensemble of Expert Denoiserscited by 921
  12. 2025Flow-GRPO: Training Flow Matching Models via Online RLcited by 605
18 more
  1. 2023BLIP-Diffusion: Pre-trained Subject Representation for Controllable Text-to-Image Generation and Editingcited by 438
  2. 2023TIFA: Accurate and Interpretable Text-to-Image Faithfulness Evaluation with Question Answeringcited by 416
  3. 2024OminiControl: Minimal and Universal Control for Diffusion Transformercited by 334
  4. 2023VIEScore: Towards Explainable Metrics for Conditional Image Synthesis Evaluationcited by 196
  5. 2025HPSv3: Towards Wide-Spectrum Human Preference Scorecited by 196
  6. 2025MixGRPO: Unlocking Flow-based GRPO Efficiency with Mixed ODE-SDEcited by 168
  7. 2025T2I-R1: Reinforcing Image Generation with Collaborative Semantic-level and Token-level CoTcited by 162
  8. 2025Less-to-More Generalization: Unlocking More Controllability by In-Context Generationcited by 153
  9. 2023SSR-Encoder: Encoding Selective Subject Representation for Subject-Driven Generationcited by 142
  10. 2024DreamBench++: A Human-Aligned Benchmark for Personalized Image Generationcited by 131
  11. 2025PRISM: Self-Pruning Intrinsic Selection Method for Training-Free Multimodal Data Selectioncited by 57
  12. 2025GoT-R1: Unleashing Reasoning Capability of MLLM for Visual Generation with Reinforcement Learningcited by 51
  13. 2024Large-Scale Text-to-Image Model with Inpainting is a Zero-Shot Subject-Driven Image Generatorcited by 48
  14. 2025Generating Multi-Image Synthetic Data for Text-to-Image Customizationcited by 25
  15. 2025Self-Improvement Towards Pareto Optimality: Mitigating Preference Conflicts in Multi-Objective Alignmentcited by 15
  16. 2024T2I-FactualBench: Benchmarking the Factuality of Text-to-Image Models with Knowledge-Intensive Conceptscited by 12
  17. 2025Flux Already Knows -- Activating Subject-Driven Image Generation without Trainingcited by 11
  18. 2025FlexIP: Dynamic Control of Preservation and Personality for Customized Image Generationcited by 3

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 4.

4 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025STAGE: Stable and Generalizable GRPO for Autoregressive Image Generation
  2. 2025DiverseGRPO: Mitigating Mode Collapse in Image Generation via Diversity-Aware GRPO
  3. 2025Pref-GRPO: Pairwise Preference Reward-based GRPO for Stable Text-to-Image Reinforcement Learning
  4. 2025AR-GRPO: Training Autoregressive Image Generation Models via Reinforcement Learning
  5. 2025DanceGRPO: Unleashing GRPO on Visual Generation
  6. 2026From Broad Exploration to Stable Synthesis: Entropy-Guided Optimization for Autoregressive Image Generation
  7. 2025The Image as Its Own Reward: Reinforcement Learning with Adversarial Reward for Image Generation
  8. 2025TempFlow-GRPO: When Timing Matters for GRPO in Flow Models